«...Ertede Týrkistandy Túran desken,
 Túranda er týrigim tuyp ósken.
 Túrannyng taghdyry bar tolqymaly,
Basynan ne tamasha kýnder keshken...»
M. Júmabay

Arystan, jolbarys degendi estigende "Qazaq osy jyrtqyshtardy qaydan bildi eken?" degen súraq eriksiz tuatyny ras. Qazir ózimiz National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo Wild sekildi arnalardan ghana kóretin januarlardyng kóbi orta ghasyrlargha deyin Aziya aumaghynda da tirshilik etken, olardyng arasynda ang patshasy da bar – desek balalargha ertegi aitqanday bolamyz. Biraq, ertede Túran bertin kele Týrkistan atanghan qazir Qyrghyzstan, Ózbekstan, Tәjikstan, Týrkimenstan, Qazaqstan sekildi bes memleket syiyp jatqan alyp territoriyada jyrtqyshtyng týr-týri bolghany ras. 1917 jyly osynyng bәrine iyelik etip qalu ýshin Týrkistan avtonomiyasyn qúrghan, bolashaqta "Arystanday aibatty, jolbarystay qayratty" úrpaqty kóksegen arystar bolishevikter kýsh alghan 1932 jyly da qazaqtyng әr tasyn, әr anyn saqtap qaludy kókesip jaghyrapiya pәni oqulyghyna Balqash barysy turaly mәlimetter engizgen. Aziya arystanynyng júrnaghy Ýndistandaghy últtyq baqtarda әli kezdesedi. Al jolbarys Syr men Amudariya boyynda, Balqash-Alakól oiynda, Tarbaghatay jonynda bertinge deyin jortyp jýrgen. Sodan bolar búl hayuan turaly auyz әdebiyetinde derek molyraq. "Qambar batyr" jyryndaghy:

Sol uaqytta jolbarys
Týgining bәrin jatqyzyp,
Qúlaghyn jymyp japyrdy.
Kóriktey ashyp auyzyn,
Yryldap jaman aqyrdy.
Dausy jerdi kóshirip,
Nar mayaday baqyrdy.
Býrkittey jazyp tyrnaghyn,
Túlpargha baryp asyldy... – delinse, Múhtar Maghauinning "Shaqan-sherisindegi"  Shaqan-týrkistandyqtyng tragediyasy tútas qazaqtyng zaryn aitty. Mysal kóp, óte kóp. Jolbarys jayly derek otarlau sayasaty kezinde qazaq dalasyn barlaghan reseylik ekspedisiya mýshelerining jazbalarynda da kezdesedi. "Vernenskiy grajdaniyn", IY.F.Blaramberg, L.S.Berg, A.K.Geynsterdin  jazbalary túran jolbarysynyng tarihyn zertteymin degenderge baghyt berip keledi.

(Karazin N.N. (1842-1909 j) salghan suret. Túran jolbarysy atylghan sәt)

"Vernenskiy grajdaniyn" degen býrkenshek esimmen tarihta qalghan Karpov Bonifatiy Arhipovich degen (1825-1892) esaul eken. Qap tauy men Qiyr Shyghysta, Týrkistanda әskery qyzmet atqarghan, anshy bolghan Karpovtyng "Mantyq – jolbarys jongshy" degen ocherki bar, patshalyq resey zamanynda "Priroda y ohota" jurnalyna basylghan, al 1967-jyly dәl osynday ataumen shyqqan arnayy jinaqqa engen (50-bet). Karpov HIH-ghasyrdyng orta sheninde Syr boyyna әskery qyzmetke kelgen kazaktardyng qalay jolbarys aulaudy kәsip etkenderin bayandaydy. Oqigha Aral tenizinen jetpis shaqyrym jerde, Rayym kóli boyyna bekinis salyp, (keyinnen ol bekinisti general-gubernator Obruchev Qazalygha kóshirdi), hiualyqtar men dala qazaqtarynyng ortasyn bólip tastaghan kazak jasaghynyng basynan ótken. Bekiniste 1500 әskery bolypty, Karpovtyng aituynsha solardyng arasynda naghyz mergen, oral kazagy sapyna qosylghan Mantyq degen qalmaq jigiti de qyzmet etken. Sol Mantyq on eki jolbarys alypty, on ýshinshisin qamys ishinde qamaghanda ózi de, janyndaghy serikteri de auyr jaralanady.

"Mantyq eki shýrippeni birden basty... Qaq mandaydan atpaq bolghanda kózi aldady ma, әlde qoly qalt etti me eki oq ta jolbarystyng keudesine, tamaghynan sәl tómen tiyip, jaralady. Jenil jaraqatqa doldana týsken jyrtqysh Mantyqty alyp úryp, qanjaryn suyrugha múrsat bermey shaynay bastady. Baqyrghan dauysqa tez-aq jetken ózge anshylar joldastaryn qútqarugha dәtteri barmay qorqaqtap túryp qaldy. Jandalbalasaghan Mantyq tizege kóterilip, jolbarysty artqy eki ayaghynan oray tartyp qúlatty-aq, biraq qaharly sheri qayta kýsh alyp, júlmalay berdi. Osy kezde Mantyqtyn:

– Bauyrlar, qúrydym, atyndarshy! Maghan tiyse de ata berinder, atyndarshy! – degen jan dausy shyqty". Vernenskiy grajdaniyn. "Mantyk – istribiyteli tigrov", (audarghan – S.Á.)   

Jolbarys júlym-júlym etken Mantyq kóp azap shegip, bes kýnnen keyin kóz júmghan. Osy tústa Mantyq degen Masaqbay degen qazaqtyng prototiypi, orys ofiyseri qasaqana búrmalaghan, ­- degen de pikir baryn aita keteyik. Masaqbay Mengiltaev degen anshynyng bolghany da ras eken. Mysaly 1860 jyly Syrdariya qazaqtary jayly berilgen esepte jergilikti halyqtyng anshylyghy turaly, it jýgirtip, qaqpan qúryp, qús salatyny aityla kelip, jolbarysty qalay aulaghany da bayandalypty. Anshylardyng ataqtysy dep tórtqara Masaqbay atalghan: Iz tigrovyh je ohotnikov izvesten toliko odin durtkariynes Masakbay Menglitaev, da y tot sostarilsya li, ily potomu, chto posledniy iz ubityh tigrov nemnogo pomyal ego, otkazalsya ot opasnogo zabaviya. V proshedshem godu ubito bylo kirgizamy tigrov — 10, poranennyh tigramy v proshlom godu bylo vsego 6 chelovek, iz nih troe umerlo. (SGA RK, f. 383, on. 1, d. 166, ll. 9-16 ob.)

Mantyq qaza tabady, al Masaqbay Mengiltaev qartayyp, anshylyqty qoyghan? Ekeui eki keyipker de boluy mýmkin nemese Bonifatiy Karpov kórkemdep jiberdi. Patshalyq Reseyding ýlken jәne kishi shendi ofiyserlerding búnday jazbalarynda kazaktardyng jolaqty jyrtqysh aulaghanynan bólek te, asa qyzyqty tam-túmdaghyn tarihy mәlimetter barshylyq. Bir keshte qamaldan úzap baryp 80 qyrghauyl atatynbyz, bir apta jortyp 50-60 qaban atatynbyz, – degendey mysaldar sol zamanda Syr boyynyng an-qúsqa óte bay bolghanyn bildiredi. Bilteli shiytisi ghana bar jergilikti qazaq asa qajettilik bolmasa ang atpaghan. Qamys ishindegi jolbarys pen qarapayym qazaq arasy tynysh bolyp, oqta-tekte adamgha, malgha shauyp maza bermegenin auyl azamattary qaqpan qúru, kerege qúrsanyp jaralap, ashuly andy nayzalap alu sekildi tәsildermen joyyp otyrghan.

"Kirgizy takje boyatsya zverya y toliko v redkih sluchayah (kogda hishnik priynesyot osobenno bolishie ubytki) reshaitsya ohotitisya na nego. Prejde, kogda horoshie rujiya byly u nih redkostiu, praktikovalasi ohota s kletkoy, ustroennoy iz nadyojnogo materiala; v neyo zahodily neskoliko ohotnikov i, peredvigaya eyo, napravlyalisi k logovishu. Zveri obyknovenno kidalsya na kletku, sadilsya na neyo, y v eto vremya ego ubivali. Pozje, s poyavleniyem rujey, staly ubivati zverya y puley, inogda je upotreblyaly otravu".

"Polnoe geograficheskoe opisanie nashego otechestva. XVIII-tom. Kirgizskiy kray. S.-Pb. 1903"

Búl jerdegi "kletkasy" kәdimgi kiyiz ýy keregesi, ol tәsildi "Shahan-sheride" jalayyr jigitteri qoldanady. Qazaqta jolbarys aulaudyng múnan da basqa birneshe amaly bar. Orys ofiyseri E.T.Smirnov 1875 jyly "Jurnal ohoty" degen basylymnyng 1-2 sanynda shyqqan "Ohota na tigrov na Syr-Darie" degen әngimesinde: Ile men Shudyng qalyng qamysynan jolbarys bayqap qalsa qara-qyrghyzdyng jýrek jútqan anshylary týski ystyqty tosyp, enbektep baryp bilteli myltyqpen atyp alady. Onday batyl anshylar Týrkistannyng ontýstiginde joq, – dep jazylghan. Búny qazaqty kemsite otyryp óshtestiruding tәsili deuge bolar, sebebi Syr boyynda da jolbarys aulaghan batyrlar jayly anyz-әngime kóp. Mәselen, jogharyda aitylghan "Qambar batyr" jyryn Jetiasar mәdeniyetine jatqyzady. Ózin jolbarystan aman alyp qalghan batyrgha qyzyn qosqan Altyasar han turaly da anyz bar.

Qazaqtardyng taghy bir tәsili jemtikke qaqpan qúryp, ol qaqpandy juan dónbekke, bórenege baylap tastau eken. Arangha úrynghanyp, ashulanghan ang qaqpandy dónbegimen sýirey jóneledi. Anshylar  izimen jýrip otyryp, silesi qatqan jyrtqyshty ne úryp, ne shanshyp, ne atyp alady. Búl әli de qasqyrgha qoldanylady, ayaghyn shaynap tastamasyn dep sýiretpe baylap qoyyp әlsiretedi.

Eng qorqynyshty jәne qazaq halqynyng jaujýrektigin dәleldeytin bir amal – sol qoldy arqanmen orap, ong qolgha qanjar ústap jolbarystyng jataghyna baryp, qasqayyp túru. Jyrtqysh tyrnaqpen osyp jibermeui ýshin anshynyng denesine ógiz terisinen qabattap kóbe kiygizedi eken. Ang atylghanda arqan oralghan qoldy tosyp, shaynatady. Sonda qanjarmen jaryp jiberuge bolady. Jyrtqysh salmaghyna shydamay bara jatsa serikteri jedel jetip selebe silteui kerek. Búl – tәuekeldi kóp kerek etetin aila. Syr boyynan jolbarys aulap jýrgen sarbazdarynan qazaqtardyng búl ólermendigin estigende gubernator Aleksandr Perovskiy qatty qayran qalypty. Jolbarysqa shyqqanda joldasyng senimdi boluy kerek. Ákem Ábiken Sarybayúly "Ayda qyryq adamnyng kýshi, bir adamnyng jýregi bar, jolbarysta bir adamnyng kýshi, qyryq adamnyng jýregi bolady. Jolbarysty jalang qolmen aghayyndylar ghana ala alady eken. Bóten adam saghan atylghan annyng súsynan qorqyp, qashyp ketedi", – dep bir anyz bastaushy edi...    Qazaqtyng targhyl mysyqtan qaymyqpaghanyn qalamger  Moldahmet Qanaz aghamyz "Taghdyry tәlkek túran sherileri" degen maqalasynda da aityp: ...kózge týsken derekterge jýginetin bolsaq, jolbarys soqqan qazaqtardyng tizimi bylay bolyp shyghady: 1848 jyly 63 jastaghy Orynbay Sýgirov Rayymda bir jolbarys óltirgen. Jolbarys bir qolyn shaynap tastap, sol jaraqatynan ólgen. 1858 jyly asan ruynyng 30 jastaghy jigiti Tortay Qúndyzov bir jolbarys jyghyp, osy arpalysta ong qolyn shaynatyp alghan.  43 jastaghy tórtqaranyng seyitqúly Sәbit Álibekov 1 jolbarys alghan; 31 jastaghy tórtqaranyng seyitqúly Qoyshybay Shynybaev 1 jolbarys; 32 jastaghy Bayanov 1 jolbarys; 1853 jyly 63 jastaghy kishkenening qúttyghy Ýrkinbay Sýgirov 1 jolbarys soqqan; 1853 jyly 33 jastaghy kishkenening asany Tólep Qúndyzov 1 jolbarys alghan; 20 jastaghy kishkenening qúrmanayy Maqan Qoyshybaev 1 jolbarys; 1861 jyly Jylandy degen jerde kereyt Esken Óserbaev 1 jolbarys; 1860 jyldyng 20 aqpanynda Toghanaev Barlybay Rayymnyng Taldaryq degen jerinde 15 adam bolyp qaumalap, 1 jolbarys alghan; 1860 jyldyng 18 jeltoqsanynda Erkinbay Dýrmәnov 1 jolbarys alghan; 1862 jyldyng 8 nauryzynda Rayymda Qadyrbergen Tasbolatov 1 jolbarys soqqan. Anshylardyng barlyghy da әr jerlerinen jaraqattanghan, ­- dep jazghan. Jetisudyn  Aqsuyndaghy  "Jolbarys soqqan" atalghan jerding tarihyn Sәken Shәripov qaghazgha bylay týsiripti.

...Sap etti Sauryq qoly naq tamaqtan,
Bilindi quanbaghy ong qabaqtan.
Tik túrdy, jyghyspady, kóp alysty,
Qapsyryp jolbarysta sol qol jaqtan.

Ong qolymen ezgiledi kenirdekti,
Juasyp jolbarystyng reni ketti.
Sonymen Sauryq batyr jauyn jendi,
El kónilin shoshyp qalghan tynysh etti... Búl da shashamen 19 ghasyrdyng ayaq shenindegi oqigha, Sauryq malgha shapqan jyrtqyshty alypty. Qazaq halqy jolyqqan andy ghana soghyp, arnayy qyrmaghan. Al, ózderin jabayylar әmirshisi sezinip, songhy ýlgidegi myltyq ústap kelgen otarlaushylargha bәri tansyq edi, andy qynaday qyrypty, odan basqa ermek te joq edi. Sherining taghdyry sol kezdegi sherli qazaqtyng taghdyryna úqsas. Dәl osy jazalaushy әskerler kirip, olargha ilese kelgen mújyqtar ornyghyp alghanda jer taryldy. Osy ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Týrkistan manynda 25 derevnya payda bolyp, 1300 otbasy kóship kelipti. Ár otbasyda besten adam bar deseng alty jarym myng qarashekpendi qazaq dalasyn qaptap, 10 desyatinadan jer aldy. Donyz aulady, qúsyn atty, jerin jyrtty, qamysyn órtedi. Ár túsqa forpostar saldy. Qarashekpendi jyldan jylgha kóbeydi. Qazaq jayylymsyz qaldy, sherining azyghy azaydy. Sóitip auyldardy toryp, úsaq mal, itterdi alyp ketetin bolypty. HIH ghasyrdyng basynda-aq batys pen shyghys, soltýstikke túmsyq súghyp alyp qazaq rularynyng órisin taryltqan otarshy jylanday jorghalap Aqmeshit, Tәshken manyna iyelenip jatqan 1848-49 jyly  28 adam jolbarysqa jem bolypty. Ony gubernator Perovskiyding 1849 jyly qarashada әskery ministr knyazi Dolgorukovqa jazghan hatynan bilemiz.

Upravlenie Otdelinogo Orenburgskogo korpusa 2 oktyabrya 1851 g. № 5606

Milostivyy gosudari knyazi Vasiliy Andreevich!

IspravlyaIshiy doljnosti nachalinika Araliskogo ukrepleniya mayor Damas v konse 1849 g. dones predmestniku moemu, chto s pribliyjeniyem na zimovku k semu ukreplenii kirgizskih aulov, v okrestnostyah onogo poyavilisi tigry v bolishom protivu prejnego chisle. Krome istrebleniya loshadey y drugogo skota, vstrecha s simy hishnymy zveryamy vsegda pochty okanchivalasi smertii kogo-libo iz kirgiyz, kotoryh, kak okazalosi po sobrannym svedeniyam, v techenie 1848 y 1849 gg. zaedeno tigramy do 28 chelovek. V noyabre 1849 goda kirgizy, kochevavshie v 4-h verstah ot ukrepleniya, obratilisi k mayoru Damasu s ubediytelinoiy prosiboiy izbaviti ih ot ogromnogo tigra, kotoryy eshe nakanune uvlek y zael odnogo iz niyh. Mayor Damas reshilsya sdelati oblavu y zveri, okrujennyy v gustyh y vysokih kamyshah ohotnikamy iz soldat y kazakov v chisle 40 chelovek, byl izranen y ubiyt; odnako je prejde togo on uspel poraniti ryadovyh: Harchevskogo y Konstantinova y kazaka Husaimova. Dvoe iz sih nijnih chinov pry polizovaniy v lazarete ukrepleniya sovershenno vyzdoroveli, a ryadovoy Konstantinov po sluchai bolee tyajelyh ran lishilsya levoy ruki, kotoraya pry lecheniy ego v lazarete otnyata vyshe loktya, y po medisinskomu osviydetelistvovanii pry inspektorskom smotre v proshlom godu Konstantinov naznachen v 4-y razryad nesposobnyh s prichisleniyem na kazennoe soderjanie y po razreshenii dejurnogo generala Glavnogo shtaba e. i. v. ot 1-go fevralya s. g. za № 1251 uvolen ot slujby. Po vozvrasheniy Konstantinova v Orenburg y pred otpravleniyem ego na rodinu ya prikazal vydati emu iz summ Korpusnogo shtaba 25 r. serebrom v nagradu za okazannui im neustrashimosti, a o sem dovolino zamechatelinom sobytiy dovoju do svedeniya vashego siyatelistva, potomu chto o nem svoevremenno gospodinu voennomu ministru doneseno ne bylo...

Proshu vashe siyatelistvo prinyati uverenie v istinnom moem pochteniy y predannostiy.

Vasiliy Perovskiy

Túran jolbarysynyng terisine osy dala gubernatory Perovskiy qatty qyzyghypty, arnayy pәrmen berip, әr terige 25 somnan syiqy taghayyndaghan. Búnyng qanday aqsha ekeni týsinikti boluy ýshin mynaday mysal keltireyin:   HH ghasyr basynda Resey imperiyasyn generaldary aiyna 500-1000 som, soldaty nebary 1 som jalaqy alghan. Kiyer kiyim, isher asy memleket moynynda bolghandyqtan osyghan kóngen. Yaghni, túrmys qajytqandar sarbazdyqqa jazylyp, jan baqqan. Al, 25 somgha ol zamanda baqanday 30 tauyq, nemese, 27 ýirek satyp alugha, otbasyndy biraz uaqytqa joqshylyqtan qútqarugha bolatyn edi. 30 tiyngha ashanadan toyyp as ishesin. Sondyqtan krepostnoylyqtan qútylyp, janyn baghu ýshin soldat bolyp qiyrgha attanghandargha jolaqty sherini atyp, terisin ótkizu ýlken tabys edi. Qauipti ekenine qaramastan jolbarys aulaushylar komandasyna tilenushiler kóp boldy. Onyng ýstine súranys ta súmdyq edi. Qúlpyrghan terilerdi Orynborgha, keyin Peterborgha deyin  aldyrghan. Resey aqsýiekteri: Ár batyl kirgizding tórinde ilinip túrghan annyng terisi nege bizding tabanymyzdyng astynda jatpaydy?! – dep ekilenedi.

(L. Barshevskiyding týsirgen sureti. "Komanda ohotnikov na tigrov" dep atalady.1894 jyldyng 4-qantarynan bastap bir ay boyy Aral, Qaraqalpaqstan aumaghynda jolbarys aulaghan poruchik Kolushevting komandasy. Surette sarbazdardan bólek  32 itting ishinen aman qalghan"Sygan", "Juchka" degen  maqúlyqtardyng da aty jazylghan.)

Biolog-ekolog Vitaliy Prohorov "Turanskiy tigr – tochka postavlena" degen ghylymy zertteuinde  1810-1940 jyldar aralyghynda aulanyp, tirkelgen jolbarystar turaly jazady, oghan Kavkaz, Qaraqalpaqstan, Týrkmenstan sekildi elderden atylghan jyrtqyshtar da engen, sonyng arasynda Óskemen bekinisin salugha kelgen otarshylar shyghystan aulaghan 13, Syrdariya-Týrkistan manynan 7, Ile angharynan atylghan 9 jolbarys bar.Eskerte ketetin mәsele, tizim patshalyq Reseyding jazalaushy әskeri ornyqqan kezden ghana bastap jýrgizilgen. Mysaly Shyghystaghy aulanghan jolbarys esebi 1810 jyldan, Syr boyy 1849, al Ile-Qaratal 1891 jyldan jýrgizilgen. Osy arqyly-aq otarshynyng qazaq dalasyn qalay satylay basqanyn bayqaugha bolady. Jaraydy, búl basqa әngime. Jogharydaghy mәlimetterdi qyrylghan annyng azy ghana dep qabyldau kerek, óitkeni  Mantyq mergenning ózi bir jylda on ýsh jolbarys aulaghany turaly kuәgerler jazbasy bar, oghan qazaq anshylary atyp, orys kópesterine terisin satqan jyrtqyshtardy qosynyz.  Osyndayda "Túran jolbarysy qanday boldy eken?" – degen súraq tuatyny orynda. Biologtar onyng terisi qyzghylt emes, ashyq sary, qara jolaqtary úzyn bolghanyn jazady. Al, úzyndyghy men salmaghyn Karpov jazyp qaldyrghan. "Kogda ya priyehal v fort, tigr uje lejal posrediyne ploshadi. Eto byl odin iz samyh bolishih zverey: on vesil 11 pudov 22 funta y iymel v dlinu ot hvosta do ushey 2 arshina 14 vershkov. Bolee krupnyh tigrov ya v jizny ne vidal". Qazirgi esepke shaqsaq jolbarystyng salmaghy 181 keli, úzyndyghy 2 metr 20 santiymetrge juyq! Salystytramyly týrde aita keteyin túrandyq jolbarysqa úqsaydy delinetin bengal jolbarysynyng túrqy 275 sm, ortasha salmaghy 225-230 keli, amur jolbarysy 180-250 keli, qúiryghynyng úshyna deyingi úzyndyghy 3 metrden asyp jyghylady. Jyrtqyshtyng qay týri bolsyn salmaghy jaghynan 20-30 kelige auytqy beredi eken. Sondyqtan esauyl Karpov kórgenin  túran jolbarysyn da sol zamanda qamys arasynan kýndey kýrkiregen jolaqtylardyng ortashasy dep esepteu kerek. Onyng ýstine Balqashtyng jaghasynda, Qarataldyng saghasynda otyrghan Kópbirlik auylynda Sәduaqas Otarbayúly degen adamnyng 1939 jyly jolbarys alghany turaly mәlimet bar. Ólketanushy Qarasha Qaraman aghamyzdyng 2010 jyldyng 12 nauryzynda "Egemen Qazaqstangha" jariyalanghan "Jolbarys soqqan Sәduaqas batyr" degen maqalasynda ol sherining salmaghy 210 keli, qúiryghynyng úshyna deyingi  úzyndyghy 4 metr 10 santiymetrge jetkeni keltirilipti. Jolbarystyng terisi men Sәduaqas batyrdy Almatygha aldyryp suretke týsiripti. Suret "Qasiyetti Qaratal" kitabynda jariyalanghan eken.

(Sәduaqas Otarbayúly  men jolbarys terisi.)

1866 jyldyng tamyzynda Perovskke (Aqmeshit) nebary 3 kýnge kelgen G.Geyns "V forte Perovskom" degen joljazbasynda on toghyzy kýni angha shyqqandaryn, sol kezde qamys arasynan jolbarys jolyghyp, jeti itti jaralaghanyn, jyrtqysh tek segizinshi oqtan keyin súlap týskeni jayly jazady.

1852 jyly Aqmeshitti alghashqy bolyp shabuyldaghan, orys basqynshylyghyna qarsy soghysqan ataqty Maral ishandy "jalghan әuliye" ataghan, general-leytenant Iogann (keyinnen Ivan) Blarambergting memuarynda «Priklucheniya s tigrom na Yaksarte» degen tarau bar. Ol Syrdariyany  kóneshe Yaksart ataghandy jón kórgen eken. "Biz hiualyq, qoqandyqtarmen ghana emes, óte jii kezdesetin qatygez dúshpanymyz jolbarystarmen de soghysugha mәjbýr boldyq", –deydi Blaramberg. Naqty sanyn aitpasa da óte kóp ang qyrghandaryn jazypty.

Ataqty jihangez Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy de 1856 jyly Barnauyl, Semey, Qapal, Vernyy bekinisi arqyly Ystykólge attanghan saparynda Talghar shatqalynan bir jolbarys atyp alghandaryn jazady. Jolbarys bir kazaktyng sol qolyn shaynap, bir itti jaryp tastaydy. Álgi kazak mýgedek bolyp qalady. 2017 jyly Peterborda «Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shanskiy – geograf, statist, jihangez» degen kórme ótti. Shara ghalymnyng tughanyna 190, Tәnirtaugha ekspedisiya jasaghanyna 150 jyl toluyna oraylastyrylghan eken. Orys geografiyalyq qauymdastyghy úiymdastyrghan kórmedegi kóp suret pen jәdigerlerding arasynda eleng etkizgenderding biri ghalymnyng kabiynetining ekspozisiyasy edi. Ayaq astynda azuy aqsighan jolbarys terisi jatyr. Qazirgi Almatynyng dәl týbinen, Esik kólining manynan aulanghan túran jolbarysynyng terisi...

(P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiyding kabiynetindegi túran jolbarysynyng terisi)

"Osy sәtte jolbarys kazakqa atylyp, qúrbandyghyn iyghynan júlqa tistep algha sýirey jóneldi, múny it ilestirgen ýshinshi kazak bayqap, aldyn kes-kestey jýgirdi. Ýlgermegendey edi, jolbarys eki soqpaqtyng qiylysar túsynan óte bergende it jetip, jotasynan ala týsti. Sheri auzyndaghy jemtigin tastay sala, arqasyndaghy bәleketti shaynap tastamaqqa shyr ainaldy. Itti jaryp tastady. Osy kezde ajaldyng qos oghy qatar tiygen, osyghan qaramastan jyrtqysh etektegi ózenge deyin baryp, sudan bir-eki jalap, jaghagha sozyla jatyp dem shyghardy".  P.S. Tyan-Shanskiy "Tyan-shangha sayahat" 69-bet. Mine, ghalym jazbasynda osylay sipattalghan týz taghysynyng terisin kazaktar jihangezge tartu etip, ol qazaq dalasynan estelik esebinde kabiynetining edenine tósep jýrgen eken.    

Jalpy, qazaq dalasynda jyrtqyshqa songhy pana bolghan – Jetisu óniri. Osyndayda jolbarys – qazaq azattyghy bolyp elesteydi eken, óitkeni orys otarshylary dәl osy ólkening qazaqtaryn eng sonynan baghyndyryp, últymyz ben jerimiz tútas bodan boldy. Shudyng bergi beti, Ile-Qaratal ónirindegi sherige qatysty mәlimet barshylyq. Ol jayly aitpas búryn qay ónirde jolbarys shamamen qay jyldary joyylghanyn tizbeleyik. 1966 jyly "Nauka" baspasynan ataqty biolog-zertteushi A.A. Sludskiyding "Vladyka djungley" degen kitaby shyqty, sonyn  "Rasprostranenie y chislennosti tigra v SSSR" degen tarauynda Qazaqstandaghy jolbarystar turaly mәlimetter bylay keltiriledi:

– Qyzylorda manyndaghy jolbarystar 1945 jyly tolyq joyylghan, anshylardan qútylghandary Torghay, Sarysugha qaray auyp ketken.

–  Talas  pen  Shu ózeni boyyndaghy jyrtqyshtar shamamen 1937 jyly qúryp bitipti.   

–  Pavlodar, Kókshetau, Aqmola bekinisteri manyndaghy, Tarbaghatay, Zaysan, Qara Ertis boyyndaghy andar HIH ghasyrda-aq  qúryghan.

–   Jetisuda 1894-1899 jyl arasynda әr jyly 10-16 jolbarystan atyp otyrghan. Soghan qaramastan Balqash-Alakól aumaghyndaghy jyrtqyshtar 1935 jyly da kezigip túrghan. Ghalym aqyrghy jolbarystyng izin Balqashtyng ontýstik jaghalauynan 1948 jyly da kóripti. 

Osy taraudaghy bir fotorsuretti atap ótpese bolmaydy. A.A. Sludskiy 1960 jyldyng 5 mausymynda Ile boyyndaghy Jeltoranghy degen jerdegi toghay arasynan juyrda ótken ang izin bayqaghanday bolady. Ýmiti aqtalmaydy.  Sodan "Juyrda jolbarys jortqan jer" dep әlgi jiyde men toranghy toghayyn suretke tartyp alypty. Mýmkin. Balqash manynda Mústafa Ábdirahmanov degen bir qazaq 1957 jyly da jolbarys atyp alghan degen әngime bar.  Kim bilsin, Saryesik-Atyraudyng úshy-qiyrsyz qúmynyn  ortasynda adam ayaghy baspaghan toghay, qamysy qalyng kól kóp. Ol jerge at týgili osy zamannyng myqty tehnikasymen jetuding ózi azap. Mýmkin, sol toghaydyng ishinde jalghyz-ilik jolbarys  jolyghyp ta qalar? – degen ýmit shyraghy әli sónbegen.   2008 jyly QR AShM Orman sharuashylyghy jәne januarlar әlemi komiytetining baspasóz hatshysy Sәken Dildahmet  jeli arqyly: «Ghajap! Ýstirt memlekettik tabighy qoryghynyng qyzmetkerleri keremet janalyqty habarlady. Qoryq aumaghynda qabylan payda boldy», – dep sýiinshiledi emes pe, jolbarys sekildi mysyqtúqymdasqa jatatyn qabylannyng (leopard) sureti fotoqaqpangha týsip qalypty, búl da bizding memlekette joyylyp ketken andar esebinde edi. Onyng ýstine qazirde Reseyding Ortalyq Aziyagha arnalghan WWF baghdarlamasy ayasynda  415 myng gektar jerge Ile-Balqash rezervaty qúrylyp, jiyrma jyl shamasynda qalyng arasynda qayta jolbarys jortyp jýretindey etemiz degen bastama jýrip jatyr. Amur jolbarysy Betpaqtyng azynaghan borany men aptabyna shyday ma, búrynghyday emes halyq qalyn, qonys kóp, qamys arasy órgen mal, qalay bolady? Desede bir kýnderi Balqashtyng qalyng nuynan, Syr men Talas, Shuynnan, Qara Ertisting boyynan, Túrannyng tútas oiynan qúiqandy shymyrlatar  kýrkiregen ýn estilse qayran qalugha bolmas.

Serik Ábikenúly, jurnalist

Abai.kz