Ábdibek Dәuren. Shoqyndyru sayasaty
Kezinde әlemning jartysyn jaulaghan, erligin de, at tizginin de múhit atyrabyna aparyp tiregen Shynghys qaghan ózi jaulap alghan el men jerge eki týrli eng әdil sayasat ústanghan eken. Biri - jaulap alghan elinen salyq mólsherin eshqashan 10%-dan asyrmaghan bolsa, ekinshisi - jergilikti jerding diny senimine qysym jasamaghan. Biri - әleumettik-әleuettik mәsele bolsa, ekinshisi - ruhaniy-tanymdyq mәsele. Shynghyshannyng jergilikti halyqtyng diny tanymyna qiyanat jasamauynyng ózi kóregen sayasat edi. Áytpese, jaulap alghan qauymgha jaulap alushy qauym óz dini men dilin engizuge emsinetin. Keybir әlemdik opattar men apattar dinning kesirinen boldy: krest joryqtary, Ispaniyadaghy inkvizisiya, keybir Afrikalyq taypalardyng magiyalyq týsinikke boy úruy, Europadaghy myndaghan әielder otqa órtelui, Qytaydaghy «mәdeniyet revolusiyasyndaghy» din ókilderi men lama taypasynyng qyrghyngha úshyrauy, fransuzdar din dese dókir minezine basatyn dókeyligimen talay ghalym-aqyndaryn qúrbandyq etken joq pa, konkistatorlar dep atap jýrgen europalyq últtardyng Amerika ýndisterin ýrim-bútaghymen joyyp jiberui, Aziyany «jaryq núrgha bóleushi» Kenesterding qylyshynan qan tamghan sayasatynan sóleket bolghan beykýnә últtar men úlystar ... Al Shynghyshan bolsa: «Halyqtyng dinine tiyispe, ózin jengenmen de, senimin jene almaysyn», - dep danalyq tanytty. Al orys otary bolsa, músylman qauymyn shetinen shoqyndyrumen boldy (qazirgi týrki halyqtary sonyng dәleli), hristian basshylar biylik qúrghan Rim imperiyasy ózi jaulaghan taypalargha hristian dinin engizumen boldy. Tek, islam dinin ústanghan azuyn aigha bilegen Osman týrkileri ghana din basqynshylyghyn tútynbady.
...Qazaq - dindi tereng týsinip, tanymyna sindire bilgen halyq. Orys otarshyldyghy qazaqty dininen aiyra almasyn bilgen kórinedi. Alayda óz dinin qazaqtyng ózine qaru qylyp qoldanghan. Din missionerlik sayasattyng ózegine ainaldy. Qazaqqa irgeni jaqyndatu ýshin, qazaq dýniyetanymyna jylystau ýshin islamdy iyintirek etti.Mәselen, Ekaterina II qazaq dalasynda islam dinining taraluyna kedergi keltirmegen, Qúran kitaptaryn audaryp, bastyryp, taratqan. Birte-birte osylaysha halyqtyng senim-sezimine iyektey enip ie bolghannan keyin óz jasyrghan jasqanbay jaraqtap óz әreketine, jymysqy sayasatyna kóshti. Shala-sharpy bilimi men biligi bar dýmshe tatar-bashqúrt moldalaryn qazaq arasynda «sauat ashugha» jiberdi. Tatar moldalary: «Allanyng bar ekeni haq bolsa, patshanyng aitqany - uәjip», - dep sarnaumen boldy. Yaghni, Qúdaydyng bar ekeni ras bolsa, patshanyng aitqany - zan, dep tәpsirledi.«Patsha aghzam qanday din ústansa, onyng qúzyryndaghy búqara da sol dinge kirui kerek ekendigin, dәleldeuge tiyis» edi. Kósemnin, elbasynyng elge biylik qúruyn Tәnirding nesibesi dep biletin halyqqa osylaysha patsha jarlyqtary kedergisiz taraumen boldy. Búl sayasatty qazaqqa tuystyghy jaghynan jaqyn halyqtar arqyly jýrgizdi, alayda búl sharighat jarshylarynyng nasihatyna halyq zәru emes edi, halyq arasynda halyq aqyndary arqyly auyzsha taraghan diny dastandar men qissa-hikayattar halyq óz ruhany nәrin susyndatyp, dýniyetanymyn keneytip otyratyn.
Patsha ókimeti bir jaghynan islamdy paydalanu arqyly sayasatyn jýrgizse, bir jaghynan «úr da jyq» shoqyndyru sayasatymen de ainalysty. Patsha ókimeti halyqty, jerdi zertteu maqsatynda degen jeleumen poptar basqarghan shoqyndyru sayasatyn jýrgizushi ekspedisiyalardy attandyrumen boldy. Olar halyqty qarumen de, uaghyzben alumen de qorqytty. Isa payghambardyng dini dúrys ekenin, Qúday - bir, ol adamzatqa hristian dinin ortaq etti deumen boldy, al eger hristian dinin qabyldamasa, aqyrzamannyng ornaytynyn aitumen azghyndyryp otyrdy halyqty. Kóshpendiler dýniyetanymynda joq aqyrzamandyq (eshatologiyalyq) tanym-týsinikti, kersinshe, mәngilikke, mәngilik ómirge úmtylys tanymyn óshirip, ornyna aqyrzamandyq týsinikti egip, halyqty әbden azghyrghanday, Asannan bastalghan mún-sherding sonyóz elining orys otaryna úshyrap, azatynyn «zar zaman» aqyndary - aqyrzamangha balaumen boldy... Europalyqtar qara qúrlyqqa Injildi «amanattap» berip, jerin tartyp alghany tәrizdi, orys otary da qazaqqa Injildi tabystamaq boldy.
Alayda qazaq osynau bәtuasyz shoqyndyru sayasatyna ýnemi qarsylyq kóresetumen boldy. Qazaqtyng ata-babasy osy kýnge deyin jeti halyqtyng shapqynshylyghyn kórse de, óz din-dilinen, ruhany tanymynan tanghan emes. Al shoqyndyru zamanynda Qoshke Kemengerúly óz enbeginde imany kýshti qazaqtyng ruh asqaqtyghyn «Dýniyege qyzyghyp orys qalalaryndaghy qazaq júmyskerlerden, asharshylyq jyldarda ólim haline jetkenderden, rudan pana taba almay qalagha tyghylghan ghashyq jarlardan biren-saran shoqynghandar boldy. Búlardyng ishinen de kóbi biraz jyl túryp, saharany saghynyp, qaytadan qazaqqa shyghyp ketti. Missionerlerding ashyq ýndey bastaghanynan Semey oblysynan Qytay shyghyp ketken elder, Kishi jýzden Búqara, Hiua, Kishi Aziya, Týrkiyagha shyghyp ketken auyldar boldy», dep baghalady. Qazaq otarlaushylar oilaghanday nadan emes edi, sar dalany sarbauyr bolyp kezip jýrgenimen dalanyng kendigindey oilay alatyn, barlay alatyn halyq edi, múny ózgeler týsinbedi. Qazaq qasarysumen boldy. Shoqynghan tek teksiz kedeyler edi, keyin sol kedeyler kenes kezinde de әspettelgen edi, alayda sol túl taqyr kedeylerding ózderining tәubesi kýshti edi. Óz dýniyetanymyna sәikes kelmeytin hristian dinin ústanugha qazaq jetesiz edi, missioner Filaret Sinikovskiyding jazbalarynda bylay delingen: «... Jana shoqyndyrylghandardyng ómirin baqylaudan kórinip otyrghanynday, olar ózderi qabyldaghan dinge barynsha nemqúrayly qaraydy jәne ony terenirek iygeruge mýldem qúlyqsyz edi». Áriyne, әleumettik sebepter de bar, alayda búl din halyqtyng sanasyna selteu sala almady, shyndyghy - sol. Qazaq qoghamyn jan-tәnimen sezine alatyn qazaqy ruhtaghy Alashordalyqtar da shoqyndyru-missionerlik sayasatyna barynsha qarsy túrugha tyrysty. Shoqyndyrudyng basty maqsaty týsinikti bolar: qazaqty orystandyru, al eger shoqyndyrugha kónbese, onda kýshpen halyqty jer betinen joyyp jiberu, Amerikalyq ýndisterdi qan qasap qyrghyngha úshyratqany tәrizdi. Biraq qazaq qarsylyq kóresetken sebebi shoqyndyrudyng kelesi satysyna ayaq basty, kýshpen shoqyndyru (krest joryghy), al odan keyingi saty halyqty genosidke úshyratu (kenes kezindegi qoldan jasalghan genosiyd).
Sonymen aqyry qazaqty islamnan qabyrghasyn qaqyratyp bólshektep ala almasyn tolyq týsingen patsha ókimeti endi orta ghasyrlardaghy músylman әlemine, IYerusalimge, qarsy din soghysyn jasaghan krest joryghynday qazaqqa da«ajyryq soghysyn» (T. Júrtbay) úiymdastyrmaq boldy. Biraq Tәniri qazaqty tóbesinen tútyp tobasynan qaqpady, tarih tarantasy ózge tizginge telindi. Alayda qazaq shoqyndyru shyrghalanynan aman qalghanymen, odan zor nәubet nәleti tónip kele jatqan edi. Ol - qúdaysyzdyq dәuiri, ateistik zaman zalaly edi. Imperalizm dәuirinen bastalghan qúdaysyzdyq dәuiri qazaqqa da kelip jetti, nemis filosofy F. Nishse HIH ghasyrda aitqan «Qúday óldi» zamany keldi. Jetpis jyl qazaq dalasynda darvinizm dýrildep túrdy. Halyq sanasyna materialistik sana ghana sindirildi. «Din-apiyn» retinde ghana sipattaldy. Biraq on ghasyrlyq islam men kóshpendi filosofiyasynyng sintezinen sýzilgen qazaq sana-sezimi sýzektey sozylyp bolsyn, taramystay tyrmysyp bolsyn óz ata dininen atqúiryghyn kese qoymady, saqtap qaldy tanymyn. Eki jarym ghasyrlyq sana soqqysynan esengirese de esin elinen jazbady. Býginde ata dinimizge qayta qauyshtyq.
Alayda dinimizge oralsaq ta onala almay otyrmyz. Qazirde qoghamymyzda diny mәseleler órship te, kerisip te túr. Osynau diny mәselelerding tuuynyng negizgi sebebi - ótken ata-babamyzdyng islam dinin ústanghan dýniyetanymyn dúrys tújyrymday almay, týisigimiz arqyly (qansha degenmen ruhany kemtar úrpaqpyz ghoy ata-baba filosofiyasyn әli dúrys týsine almay otyrghan) sezine, týisine almau kesirimizden...
Biz óz ruhany iygiligimizdi iygere almay jatqanymyzda músylman әlemine jasalyp jatqan ruhany shabuyldar endi basqa formatqa kóshti. Endi músylman tútastyghyn ishinen iritu arqyly, ishinen ot salu arqyly ruhany «úrys» jasaluda, sebebi músylmandardyng birligin búzyp, óz dininen onaylyqpen aiyra almaytynyn batys tolyq týsindi.
Dәl osy siyaqty orys imperializmi de, ózgeler de qazaqty ata dininen adastyra almaytynyn týsinde de óz ishinen ydyratugha, basqa músylman miniykenistikterin әkelip tyqpalauda. Nәtiyjesinde qoghamnyng din túrghysynan býginde býtindigi býlindi. Músylmandardyng dinin óz ishinde bólshektep, 73 tarmaqqa bólip bir-birine qarsy qoya bastady. Islamdy músylmannyng ózine de, әlemge de jekkórinishti ete bastady. Al bizde sonau orys otarynyng elding dilin, dinin ózgerpek bolghan missionerlik sayasaty memlekettik zanymyzgha deyin auyzdyqtap aldy. Ghalym Túrsyn Júrtbay «Diny nanym, senim bostandyghy turaly» qabyldanghan zannyng Reseyding missionerlik shoqyndyru sayasatynyng qaulysynyng kóshirmesi ekenin, tek formasy basqa ekenin aitady. Demek, sonau ghasyrlardan bastalghan missionerlik әli jalghasuda ghoy jәne búl missionerlik biz oilaghannan da orasan әser etu pozisiyasynda.
Qazaq dindi tútynghanmen, hadiste de, Qúranda da eskertilgendey asa qatty berilmedi, diny dogmalyqqa salynbady, fanatik bolmady, alayda asa parasattylyqpen ústandy. Kóshpendilerdi qansha zerttese de tegi bólek, kóshpendiler dýniyesin «ystyq sezimimen» týisine almaytyn Radlovtar qazaqtyng dinning keybir qaghidalaryn tútynyp, keybir qaghidalaryn eskermeytinin aita kelip, búl halyqty shoqyndyru onay dep oilady. Biraq ta tarlan tarihtyng ózi búl teoriyanyng teris ekenin dәleldip berdi, qazaq әli kýnge deyin (Qúdaygha shýkir!..) dinin aiyrylmady. Soghan qaramastan, sol aiyrylmay ýderisine say missionerlik te jalghasa, jandana týsti. Týrkistandy «Ekinshi Mekkege» balaghan әri iysi týrik nәsildesterding osynau qútty qonysty bayyrghy ata júrtynyng qara shanyraghy dep tanyghan tekti halyq Týrkistandy әri qara shanyraq, әri diny ortalyq sanady. Ata-baba qonysyna qanshalyqty sert bolsa, ata dinge de sonsha mәrt edi. «Qazaq dinge nashar kýiden ótken, endi qazaqty basqa dinge auystyram dey qúr әureshilik», - deydi qazaqty tin týisigimen týisine alatyn Ahan, Ahmet Baytúrsynúly. Jәne de solay týisine otyryp arab әlipbiyine negizdelgen tóte jazudy jasady.
Ata-babamyz qabyldaghan islam dini 1250 jyl boyyna qazaqtarmen birge jasasyp keledi...Demek, dindi jýregimen qabylday bilgen ata-babamyzdyng san ghasyrlar boyy jer ýshin qalay kýresse, din ýshin de dәl solay kýreskenin tarihtan bile otyryp qalaysha býgin óz dinimizden ózegimizdi ózgertpekpiz. Al sol orys oiranynda omaqaspaghan qazaq býgin tәuelsizdik jyldarynda osaldyq tanytyp, oigha oralmas ojar azghyndyqqa baryp otyrghanyna tanym bar. Sol orys iydeolog-missionerleri orynday almaghan isti býgingi qazaq óz qolymen jasap-jasqap otyr. Jogharyda aitqanymday, qoghamymyzdaghy diny mәselelerding kóbi - óz ata-babamyzdyng diny týisigin dúrys týsine almay jatqanymyzdan. Sebebi qazaqtyng ómirshendik mәdeniyeti men túrmys-qaraketi músylmandyqpen ólshengen edi, islamgha qayshy keletin tanymy bolmady, bolghan tanym-týsinikterding ózi uaqyt óte uaqtalyp otyrdy, ne islamgha sinisip ketti. Osynau tanym-týsinigi tabighattyng tylsymynday tylsym jatatyn úly halyqtyng dýniyetanym kókjiyegi dalanyng darhan kendigindey kemel edi. Osynau tarihtyng talay talapay tezinen ótken tekti úrpaq әli de óz týisigin oyatyp, alystan oilaytyn qyraghylyghyna basyp óz ata dinin ózine qaytaryp alaryna, bólshektemey tútatynyna senemin... Sebebi qanda bar tektilik tegin ýzui mýmkin emes...
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