Japoniya qalay әlemdegi eng taza elge ainalghan?
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Dýniyejýzindegi halyqtar arasynda japondar anasynyng jatyrynan shyr etip jerge týsken kýnnen bastap tazalyqty jaqsy kóredi degen tәmsil bar. Alayda, olar aityp jýrgendey japondyqtardyng tazalyqqa bolghan yntasy eshqashan arghy ata-babasynan jalghasyp kele jatqan dәstýr emes. Ol turaly әngimeni 1970 jylghy býkil Japoniyagha qaptaghan, etek jayghan «Qoqsyq soghysynan» bastap aitugha tura keledi.
1970 jyldan ilgeri, Japoniyanyng oqu-aghartuy men biliminin negizin salushylardyng biri, professor Takahashy «Beyshara japondyqtar» degen kitabyn jazady. Ol búl enbeginde japondyqtardyng kez kelgen jerge qoqsyq tastay salatyny, jýrgen-túrghan jerinde kishi dәretke otyratyny, qoghamdyq tәrtipti saqtay bermeytini jәne hayuanattar baqshasyna barghanda an-qústargha bey-bereket azyq-týlik beretini sekildi jaghymsyz qylyqtardy mysal etilgen. Sodan keyin osyghan úqsas bir jaghynan әdepsiz, boqtyq sózdi jii aitatyny, bir jaghynan oilanbay, tolghanbay otbasyn qúra salatyn salt shyghys aziyalyq elderde keng etek alghan edi.
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Takahashynyng «Beyshara japondyqtar» atty kitabynyng múqamasy.
1955 jyldan bastap, ekonomikasynyng kóteriluine baylanysty, Japoniya jana damu kezenine qaray qadam basady. Demek, ekonomikanyng tez kóterilui men óndiris oshaqtarynyng kóbeyui japoniyalyqtargha aqylmen, bilimmen sanaly týrde damu, órkendeu orayyn alyp kelgen bolsa da, biraq kóp sandy japondyqtardyng túrmysy men ómir sýru salty sol bayaghysynday bolatyn. Adamdar taghy da qosyqty qalaymaqan tastay beretin.
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1962 jyly halyq úiymynyng ghimaratynda jiyn ayaqtaghannan keyin adamdar tastap ketken qoqsyqtar.
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1962 jyly memlekettik temirjoly Tokiya beketi manayyndaghy qoqsyqtar. Búl kezde XVIII jazghy olimpiada oiyndary bastaluyna eki jyl qalghan kez edi.
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1967 jyly Osaka qalasynyng móltek audandar arasynan aghyp ótetin aryqtar qoqsyq ýiindisine ainalghan. Tórt jyldan keyin Osaka qalalyq әkimdigi búl aryqty tyndyryp, týzep jibergen.
Jayshylyqta, bey-bereket qoqsyq tastaudan basqa, qara qarghaday kóbeygen, qanatyn kenge jayghan óndiris oshaqtary da ekologiyalyq apat alyp kelgen edi. Zauattardyng retsiz salynuy, odan taraghan gaz ben budaqtap shyqqan týtinder atmosferanyn auyr dәrejede lastanuyna әkelip soghady. Astanasy Tokiyanyng auasynyng lastyghynan kóshede jýrgen adamnyng týrin tanymaq túrmaq, olardyng sausaqtaryn kóruge de bolmaytyn dәrejege jetken edi.
1960 jyly Miyy audany Iokkachy qalasynda keng kólemdi bezgek auruy taraydy. Biraq kóptegen adamdar taghy da auanyng lastanuynyng auyr ekenin qaperine de almaydy. Bastauysh mektep әnderderinde mәtininde zauyt týtin budaqtap shyghyp jatqan zauyttardy týtinderdi Japoniyanyng ýmit núryna úqsatatyn-dy.
1964 jyly Tokiya jazghy olimpiada oiyndary kezinde kóptegen adamdardyng nazarynda, sanasynda Japon elining taza bolu kezenining bastalu negizi boldy. Sayasatkerler jazdyq olimpiada oiyndary Japoniyanyng gýldenuge bet búrghanyn sheteldikterge sezindiruding tamasha orayy dep sanap, bir mezgil qoghamdyq ortany jaqsartugha den qoyady. Sonymen, Tokiya jәne keng kólemdi «Astanany gýldendiru» mәdeny sharasyn bastap jiberedi.
Qalany bir tútas retke keltiru qimylynyng eng ýlken nәtiyjesi, kóshelerge kóptegen jana tiptegi qoqsyq sandyqtary qoyylady. Qoqsyqtardy adamdar jol boyyndaghy qaqpaghy bar sandyqtargha salynatyn boldy. Qoqsyq tasityn kólikter ýnemi kelip, tóbe bolyp ýiilip qalghan qoqsyqtardy tasidy.
Qayta-qayta tuyndap otyratyn qoghamdyq, ekologiyalyq mәsele japondyqtardyng basyn odan ary auyrtyp jiberedi. 1970 jyly Japoniyanyng 64-shi retki uaqytsha Parlamentting otyrysynda 14 týrli qoghamdyq apattargha arnalghan zang jobasy ortagha salynady. Ári búl zang qabyldanady.
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Myna suret bolsa, sol kýngi Parlament otyrysynyng sureti.
Japoniyanyng qala kósheleri:
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Býgingi kýnde Japoniyagha barghandar tazalyqtyng ne ekendigin shynayy sezine alady. Tazalyq Japoniyanyng markasyna bayaghyda ainalyp ketken. Tazalyq tek bir bólim ýlken qalalarda ghana emes, ýlkendi, kishili kóshelerge deyin jalpylasqan. Tazalyqqa degen qúshtarlyq biyliktegi sheneunikterden tartyp, tómendegi qarapayym halyqqa deyin qalyptasqan. Japoniyanyng taza boluy – tek qana kóru sezimi, iyis sezimi jәne dәm sezui ghana emes, bәlkim auadan tynys aludyng ózi taugha baryp, orman ishin aralap jýrgendey әser qaldyrady.
Japoniyanyng su tazalyghy:
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Miyneral sugha tәn aitar bolsaq, Japoniyada auyz sugha degen óte tazalyq ólshemi men baqylau jýiesi bar. Býkil qoghamdyq ortada qoldanylatyn sudyng barlyghy miyneral su, adamdar alansyz ishuine bolady. Kýndelikti túrmysta qoldanylghan kir sumen, óner kәsipten shyqqan las sulardy der kezinde tazartyp, bir jayly etip otyrady. Tipti qúdyq suyndaghy auru tudyratyn bakteriyalardy tazartyp, ony der kezinde tizgindeydi. Mәselen, Tokiya qala ortalyghyndaghy juyndy men óner kәsipten shyqqan sular aghatyn aryqtaghy suynyng túnyqtyghynan aryqtyng týbi kórinedi. Búl aryqtarda balyqtyng әr týri top-top bolyp jýzip jýredi.
Japoniyanyng búqaralyq tazalyghy:
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Bir qaraghanda Japoniyadaghy qalalardyng óte retti, kórkem ekendigin kóruge bolady. Jol ýstindegi ary-beri jýitkip jýrgen kólikter jana, meyli eski bolsyn tabighy jyltyrap, taza jýredi. Jauyn-shashyn kezderinde de kólikting ýsti kir-qojalaq, satpaq bolghanyn kórmeysiz. Búdan basqa adamdy tanghaldyratyn jeri, kóshelerinde tazalyq júmysshylaryn mýlde kezdestire almaysyz. Óitkeni, tazalyqshylar qala túrghyndary ornynan túrmay jatyp kóshelerdi sypyryp, muntazday tazalap ketedi.
Qoghamdyq dәrethanasy:
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Japoniyanyng qoghamdyq dәrethanasy tazalyghymen әigili, basqaday jaghymsyz iyis bolmaydy. Tazalyq júmysshylary dәrethanalardy tazalau әdisine óte kónil bólip, búlyn-búlynyna deyin qaldyrmay tazalaydy. Múnday ortany kórgen adamdar ózdiginen tazalyqqa eriksiz kónil audaryp, amal bar dәret jasaghanda lastap ketpeuge tyrysady.
Japoniyagha kelgen әiel sayahatshylardyng (turister) kónilin kóteretini de dәrethanasy. Eng qysyltayang Tokiya metro auzy bolsyn, yaghny alystaghy Fudjy aiyryghynda bolsyn, sayahatshylar dәrethana taba almaymyn dep alandamasa da bolady. Eng manyzdysy, kólemining ýlkendi-kishi boluynan emes, Japoniyanyng qoghamdyq dәrethanasy men qonaqýilerding dәrethanasynda aqyly erkin dәrethana ornalastyrylghan, óte ynghayly.
Qoqsyqty týrge aiyru:
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Japoniya әlem boyynsha eng nәzik jәne eng myqty memleket. Tanystyrylulargha qaraghanda, Japoniya qoqsyqty tórt týrge bóledi. Keybir oryndarda әuel desen, 18 týrge bóledi eken. Iokogama qalasy jóninen alyp aitqanda, qala әkimdigi arnayy 27 bettik shaghyn kitapsha basyp shygharyp, halyqqa qalay istegende qoqsyqty dúrys týrge aiyru turaly týsindiru jýrgiziledi eken. Estuge qaraghanda, búl qoldanbaly belgilemeler (erejeler) qazirge deyin 518 týrge jetken. Búdan Japoniyanyng qoqsyqty týrge bólu jәne ony basqaruda neghúrlym úqypty el ekendigin kóruge bolady.
Japoniyada bastauysh mektepten bastap, balalargha qoqsyqty týrge aiyru tәrbiyesi jýriledi. Ártýrli mektepter ýnemi oqushylaryn qoqsyqty qalay birjayly etu ornyna aparyp kórsetip otyrady eken. Osylay isteu arqyly balalargha qoqsyqty ne ýshin týrge aiyratynyn, ony qalay bir jaqtyly etiletindigin, onyng qalay qaytalanyp otyratyny ýiretiledi. Japondar balalardy bala jasynan bastap mektep tәrbiyesi, otbasy tәrbiyesi jәne qoghamnyng yqpalymen qoqsyqty qalay týrge aiyru sanasyn qalyptastyrady.
Qoqsyqty basqarudy onan ary kemeldendire týsu ýshin, keybir oryndar ýlken kólemi aiyppúl saludy belgilegen. Zansyz qoqsyq tastaghandargha 2000 iyenadan bastap, 10000 iyenagha deyin úqsamaghan dәrejede aiyppúl salynady. Key jerlerde is jýzinde múnday shara belgilemesi bolmaghanymen, alayda, adamdardyng birin-biri baqylauy jәne halyqtyng ózining sana-sezimine baylanysty bir jaqtyly etilip otyrady.
Demek, japondar tazalyqqa kónil bólu, ekologiyany qoghau, qorshaghan ortany saqtau, syndy tamasha saltty bala jastan qalyptastyryp, ony ózderining últtyq markasyna ainaldyryp alghan.
Ózge elding basylymynan audarghan Álimjan Áshimúly
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