Al endi, Edil qalmaqtary – olar, osy oirattardyng qúramynda bolghan kishigirim Halhalyq buryattardyng tarmaghy ghana. Qalmaq pen buryattar jәne Halhalyq mongholdar, azdaghan aiyryqtary bolghanymen, óte  úqsas tilde sóileydi.

Óz uaqytynda, Ortalyq Aziya elderin shapqynshylyqqa úshyratyp, qily zamangha týsirgen, dәuiri jýrip túrghan kezde kýndey kýrkiregen Jonghar imperiyasynyng kóshpendileri keyinnen qytaydan, naqtyraq aitqanda manjurlardan qyrghyn tauyp, әupirimdep aman qalghan qaldyqtary Altay tauyna baryp panalap, sol arada ornyghyp qalady. Úzaq ghasyrlar kóleminde orystar búlardy «altay tatarlary» dep atap kelgen. Altaylyqtar (Oyrattar) Hakas pen Qyrghyz tilining aralyq tiline úqsaytyn, týrki elderining qataryna kiredi. (Jalpy, Resey Federasiyasyndaghy  týrkilerge: tatar men bashqúrt, sonday-aq, yakutpen birge altay dep atalatyn oirattar men hakastar da kiredi.) Qazirgi qasymyzdaghy qyrghyzdar da, altaylyq oirattar da, sonymen qatar, hakas júrty da óz zamanyndaghy Enesay (Eniysey) boyyn qatar jaylaghan tútas qanattas elder deuge bolady. Taghy aitarymyz, Qyrghyz ben Oirat (qazirgi Altaylyqtar) kóshpendileri, sonau XIII ghasyrdyng basynan, qazirgi Tuva (Tuba) aumaghynan beri jyljyghandar (Tipti, elimizben shekaralas qonghan úighyrlardyng ózi de, kezinde Enesay qyrghyzdarynan kýirey jenilip, (Úighyr qaghanaty) aqtaban shúbyryndygha úshyrap, jan saughalap, qazirgi Shynjan aumaghyna tentirep kóship kelgender).

Oyrat - Altaylyqtardyng jalpy senimi (dini) shamandyq bolghanymen, keyinnen orystardyng bodandyghyna týsken son, búlardy kýshpen hristian dinine engizedi.

Sonau 552 jyldary osy Altay týrkileri, yaghni, oirattar óz memleketin qúryp, astanasyn Orhongha kóshiredi. XIII ghasyrdan bastap, Shynghys han qúrghan Úly týrki qaghanatyna baghynyp, imperiya qúramyna kiredi. Al, XVII ghasyrdyng sonynan bastap, sonau zamanda Enesay (Eniysey) boyynan Alatau bauyryna kelip, qonystanghan qyrghyzdyng kóshpeli taypalarymen birigip, Jonghar handyghyn qúrady. Sóitip, oirattar úlanghasyr aumaqty jaulap alyp, tarihta Jonghar handyghy atalghan imperiyanyng negizin qalaydy (Edil boyynyng qalmaqtary, týrki halqyna jatpaydy, olar buryat tildes halyqtar). Degenmen, osylardyng ýnemi shapqynshylyghynan, tonauynan   yzasy sheginen shyqqan  shýrshitterding bir retki joyqyn joryghynan (Qytaylyq general Pu Dening armiyasynan) keyin, búl handyq tastalqan bolyp qyiraydy jәne eli orasan zor qyrghyngha úshyraydy.

Eger Jonghar eli turaly qysqasha aitar bolsaq («qalmaq» sózi, «tatar» degen sóz sekildi jalpylama atau ghana); 1635 jyly osy Oirattyng Batur (Batyr) qontayshysy negizin qúrghan Jonghar handyghy dýniyege keledi. Ol, qazirgi Qazaqstannyng ontýstik – shyghys jaghyna ornalasady. 1640 jyly jongharlar, yaghni, oirattar «Dalalyq jarghy» degen atpen әskery jәne azamattyq zandar jinaghyn shygharady. Taghy bir eskerterimiz, osy, qúrylghan Jonghar handyghynyng irgesindegi qyrghyzdar da búlargha әskery jasaq retinde kirip, qol biriktiredi. Tarihy enbekterge ýnilgenimizde, sol kezdegi Jonghar handyghynyng sarbazdarynyng sany jýz mynnan asyp jyghylady eken. Olardyng alpys myng jauyngeri qontayshynyng túraqty әskeri bolghan.

Jonghar handyghy elining ruhany birligin qamtamasyz etude Tiybet lamalary da eleuli ról atqardy.

Alayda, oirattar qúrghan Jonghar handyghyn qoya túryp, biz әri qaray qazirgi Altaylyqtar dep atalghan oirat eline oralayyq. 

XVIII – XIX ghasyrda Resey imperiyasynyng otarlyq ezgisinde bolady. Tónkeris kezinde, yaghni, 1922 jyldary Resey qúramyndaghy Oirat avtonomiyalyq oblysy bolyp qúrylady. Degenmen, 1948 jyly búlar, Resey qúramyndaghy Tauly Altay avtonomiyalyq oblysy dep atalyp, ózgertiledi (osysyn biz týsinbedik). 1990 jyly Tauly Altay avtonomiyasy óz tәuelsizdigin jariyalap, Resey Federasiyasy qúramyndaghy Altay Respublikasy bolyp qúrylady.

Oyrat – Altaylyqtardyng dәstýrli kәsibi: mal baghu, egin salu, sonday-aq, ústalyqpen ainalysady jәne syrmaq basu, alasha, kilem toqu, teri iyleu, zerleu búlardyng ata kәsibining biri deuge bolady. Altaylyqtardyng kóneden kele jatqan bay auyz әdebiyeti bar. Ony jyrlaushylardy qayshy dep ataydy. Osy auyz әdebiyetining núsqalary XIX ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynan bastap qaghaz betine týsirile bastady. Keyingi jyldary osy elding epos ýlgilerining jeti tomy – «Altay batyrlary», yaghny aitqanda «Oyrat batyrlary» jaryq kórdi. Sonau, ótken ghasyrdyng 1922 jylynan bastap oirat tilinde «Altay cholmony» (qazaqshalaghanda «Altay sholpany») gazeti shyghyp keledi.

Altay Respublikasy Resey Federasiyasy qúramyndaghy últtyq – memlekettik qúrylym. Joghary zang shygharushy organy – Ál (El) Qúryltay, ol tórt jyl merzimge saylanatyn jiyrma jeti deputattan túrady. Joghary atqarushy organy – Ýkimet, ony tóragha basqarady. Ortalyghy Tauly Altay qalasy. Respublika aumaghy – 92902 shaqyrym. Halqy – 201,6 myng adamnan túrady. Resmy tilderi – orys, qazaq jәne oirat tilderi. Respublikanyng 31% payyzy oirattar, 62% payyzy orystar, ózgeleri qazaqtar. Respublika on audannan túrady.

Sonymen, sonau bir ghasyrlarda Jonghar handyghy dep atalghan auqymdy imperiyanyng negizin qúrghan jәne onyng algha qaray ósip, damuyna mýmkindiginshe ter tógip, enbek sinirgen, sonday-aq, imperiyany biraz uaqyt kýndey kýrkirep ústap túrghan, zamanynda daqpyrty alysqa ketken azuly oirat taypasynyn, kezinde qytaydyng qyrghynynan aman qalghan, kishigirim bóligi osy – Altaylyq týrkiler. Búlar týrki tilinde ósip – ónip, tirshilik keship jatqan elding biri.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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