Qúnanbay qajynyng túnghysh toyy qalay ótti? (reportaj)
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Biyl Qúnanbay Óskenbayúlynyng (1804-1885) tughanyna 220 jyl. Shynjyr balaq, shúbar tós Yrghyzbay biyding nemeresi, úly Abaydyng әkesi – Qúnanbay baba toyy mausym aiynyng 13-15 kýnderi, senseniz, dýrkirep ótti.. Tómende ýsh kýnge jalghasqan is-sharalardy, yaghny búl kýnderi ne bolyp, ne qoyghanyn qalyng júrtqa ret-retimen bayandap jetkizbek niyettemin.
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Aqshoqyda
13 mausym. Aqshoqy eldi mekeni. Saghat 10.00-13.00 arasynda – Qúrbandyq shalu rәsimi ótti. Sóitip, dýbirli mereytoy Aqshoqy qystauy, qorym manynan bastaldy. Búl tekten tek emes. Qúnanbay qajy osy qorymda jerlengen. Tórt-bes jyl búryn qorym manayy abattandyrylyp, irgesinen qajynyng muzeyi ashylghan bolatyn. Kópshilik bile jýrsin, Aqshoqy auyly – Abay men Dildәning menshigi. Ony olar tura jarty ghasyr mekendedi. Qúnanbay men Núrghanym mekeni – Bórili aumaghy. Qajy 1885 jyldyng tamyzynda osy jaqta dýnie saldy. Shyjyghan ystyq, mәiitti Jiydebaygha jetkizu mýmkin bolmay, topyraq Abay men Dildәning auyly – Aqshoqydan búiyrghan bolatyn.
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Sonymen, saghat 10-00-nyng shamasynda týzetilgen kóne qorym aldynda qúrbandyqqa týie soyyldy, Soyylghan týiening etin audan júrtshylyghyna taratqan jón dep sheshildi. Qúrbandyq shalu rәsimine qatysqan adamdar sany 40-50-den aspady. Áytse de jasalghan rәsimning sauaby erekshe ekeni sózsiz. Abay oblysynyng bas imamy Asqar Ábitayúly qúran-qatym týsirdi. Aruaq ruhyna keregi sol emes pe. Ayta óteri, 1886 jyldyng tamyz aiynda Qúnanbay qajynyng jyldyq asy beriledi dep alys-jaqyn qazaqtar asygha kýtkeni bar. Biraq as berilmedi (onyng ózindik sebepteri boldy). Sondyqtan da bolar, Aqshoqydaghy rәsim, jalpy mereytoy sol berilmey qalghan jyldyq astyng bir óteui sekildendi. Bata-dúghanyng erte-keshi joq. Músylmandyq qaghida solay deydi.
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Konferensiyada
14 mausym. Saghat 10.00 – 13.00 arasynda «Qúnanbay Óskenbayúly: Túlgha, Tariyh, Fenomen» atty halyqaralyq ghylymiy-tәjiriybelik konferensiya ótti. Shәkәrim uniyversiytetining bas ghimaratynda. Búl jiyngha kóptegen ghalymdar men qogham qayratkerleri kelip qatysty. Atalghan uniyversiytetting rektory Orynbekov Duman konferensiyany ashqan son, Abay oblysynyng әkimi Núrlan Úranhaev pen Qazaqstannyng Ghylym jәne joghary bilim ministri Sayasat Núrbekting qúttyqtaulary oqyldy. Onan song qúttyqtau sózin jetkizuge oblystyq bilim basqarmasynyng bastyghy Núrjan Nyghmetollaúly, L.Gumiylev atyndaghy Euraziya últtyq uniyversiytetining rektory Erlan Sydyqov, Abay atyndaghy Qazaq últtyq pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetining rektory Bolat Tilep, akademiyk, abaytanushy Gharifolla Esim, jazushy, qogham qayratkeri Beybit Saparaly minberge kóterildi. Qúttyqtau sózderding qay-qaysysy da bayandamagha parapar boldy desek artyq aitqandyq bola qoymas. Qúnanbay – qazaqqa Abaydy syilaghan, qaradan shyghyp han bolghan, alystan oilay bilgen, bolashaqty boljay bilgen dala danyshpany, dala zanyn, qazaq dәstýrin saqtaushy dara túlghanyng biri, dili myghym, dini berik músylman degendi sheshender jeter jerine jetkizip aitty. Qúttyqtaular bayandamalargha jalghasty. Shәkәrim uniyversiytetining professory Arap Espenbetov, jerlesimiz jazushy, «Qúnanbay» kitabynyng avtory, filologiya ghylymdarynyng doktory Túrsyn Júrtbay, Ankara uniyversiytetinin (Týrkiya) professory Bekir Somunjuoghly, әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazaqÚU-dyng professory Islam Jemeney úiyp tyndaldy.
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Konferensiya barysynda úsynystar da aitylyp jatty. Mysalgha Túrsyn Júrtbay Semeydegi Abay oqyrmany bolghan eski kitaphana ghimaraty jekege ótip ketipti, endi bolashaghy búldyr. Osy tarihy ghimaratty jәne Tatkraydaghy alash arystary túrghan ekiqabatty ýidi keleshek úrpaqqa saqtap qaluymyz kerek. Olay bolmasa, Abay Abay deuimiz de, Semey Alash astanasy deuimiz de bóspelik, bos sóz dep ashyna aitty. Gharifolla Esim oblysta turizm serpin alsyn desek, Semey-Qarauyl tas jolyn tórt jolaqty qylu, eki jaghyn aghashtar egip, jayqaltyp qoy manyzdy dedi. Erlan Sydyqov Abay audany Shynghystau audany delinse dep úsynys jasady. Óitkeni, Abay bir audannyng emes, býkil qazaqtyng Abayy, al kiyeli meken – kóne Shynghystau atauy tarihy jadymyzdy janghyrtar edi dedi.
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Keleli jiyn sonynda Abay audanynyng jas әkimi Meyirjan Smaghúlov qúrmetti qonaqtardy «Qúnanbay Óskenbayúlyna 220 jyl» degen merekelik tósbelgimen marapattady. Sol siyaqty sýiinshi janalyq – әdebiyetshi ghalym, iran elining tumasy Islam Jemeneyding «Abay mektebi jәne Shyghys әdebiyeti» atty kitaby boldy. Túsaukeser rәsimi jasalghan kitap tórt tilde (aghylshyn, týrik, parsy jәne qazaq) jaryq kórgen eken.
Qoryta aitqanda, konferensiyada Qúnanbay babanyng túlghalyq bolmysy, sovettik kezende ashylmay kelgen qyrlary sóz boldy. Ol kýrdeli zamannyng kýrdeli perzenti. Abaydyng әkesi ghana emes, eki ottyng arasynda ómir sýrgen aqyl-parasat iyesi, mәmleger-sheshen. Búdan bólek, ózi eskining arty bolsa da, Abaydyng jananyng basshysy bolyp qalyptasuyna jaghday jasaghan enbegine basa mәn berildi. Alys-jaqynnan jiylghan qonaqtar, mәselen, babagha taghzym dep Týrkistan oblysynan at aryltyp kelgen bes kisige sýisindik, maghlúmatqa qanyghyp, ruhany azyq alghandaryna razylyq sezimmen tarqasyp jatty.
Qarauylda
15 mausym. Tansәri. Semey qalasy, ózge de eldi mekender túrghyndary kólikterin qamdap alyp, «Qarauyl qaydasyn» dep Abay audanyna aghyla bastady. Solardyng arasynda «TVK-6» telekompaniyasynyng týsirushi toby bizder de bar edik. Joly boyy jap-jasyl jelek, jazghy emes, kóktemgi shaq sekildi móldirep túr. Abaydyn: «Kórinbey jerding topyraghy, Qúlpyrghan jasyl jer jýzi» degeni eriksiz eske týsedi.
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Suretterdi Asan Omarov úsyndy
Qúnanbay eskertkishi Qarauyl tórinde somdalghan. Qonaqtar legi soghan at basyn tiredi. Saghat 10.00-da eskertkishke gýl shoqtaryn qoy rәsimi ótti. Onan song Qarauyl tóbe etegi, qarasang kóz toymaytyn etno auylgha baghyt aldyq. Onyng qanatyn keng jayghany sonshalyq auyl emes, qalashyq deuge layyq. Toydy jýrgizushi azamat keremet eken, radiodan barlyq is-sharadan habardar etip, bastan-ayaq sapaly kommentariy jasap otyrdy. Dýbirli toydyng kórigin qyzdyrghan «Bala Qúnanbay – Dana Qúnanbay» atty teatrlandyrylghan tamasha kórinister osy qalashyqta ótti. Kórgen de, kórmegen de armanda degendey, onyng әserlerin aityp jetkizuge tilimiz qysqa.
Atap aitqanda, últtyq qol óner kórmesi men qol óner sheberleri jәrmenkesin, asyl túqymdy jylqylar kórmesin, eng qyzyghy, daudy sheshu, asau ýiretu, jamby atu, tenge ilu, audaryspaq, kókpar sayystaryn tamashaladyq. Myqty dayyndyq qay qaysysynan da bayqalyp-aq túr. Sonyng shyrqau biyigi, jarqyn mysaly saghat 11.30-da ótken – Abay audanynyng 500 balasyn bir mezette ashamaygha otyrghyzu boldy. Balagha arnalghan kishi er-toqymdy «ashamay» deydi, sol 500 er-toqym Almaty qalasynda arnayy tapsyryspen jasalghan kórinedi. Birden aitayyq, búl shara qazaqstandyq rekordtar Ginnes kitabyna resmy tirkelip, sertifikat berildi.
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Bes jasqa tolghanda balany atqa mingizu jәne ony toylau qazaqtyng ejelgi saltynyng biri. Sol eskini tiriltu iydeyasy kimdiki, avtory kim? Múny bile almadyq. «Búl iydeyany iske asyru onaygha týsken joq, - dedi «Qúndyzdy» auylynyng әkimi Duman Ysqaqov. - Sebebi, sharua qojalyqtarynan jýzdegen jaramdy at jinau, eng qiyny, ata-anany balasyn beruge kóndiru kerek boldy. Bes jastan endi asqan bala mertigip qalsa qaytemiz dep qauiptendik. Qoyshy, sonymen, qys ailarynda dayyndyqty bastap kettik. Toygha eki-ýsh qalghanda songhy repetisiyalar ótti. Enbegimiz esh ketpedi. Nesine jasyrayyq, 500 bala «Alash» dep úrandap, atqa qonghanda kózden aqqan jasty toqtata almadyq. Qaytalanbas ghajap әserge bólindik».
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Saghat 13.00 - te toydyng resmy bólimi, ashylu saltanaty ótti. Ony oblys әkimining orynbasary Ádilbek Músabaev ashty. Preziydentimiz Qasym-Jomart Toqaev Abaydyng 175 jyldyq toyynda: «Úly Abaydy úlyqtaghanda, onyng әkesi Qúnanbaydyng qayratkerligin úmytpauymyz kerek» degen bolatyn. Abay esimimen janghyryp jatqan oblys әkimdigi osy sózdi basshylyqqa aldy dedi ol. Onan song oblys әkimi N.Úranhaevtyng arnayy syilyghy avtobus kóligining kiltin 50 jyldyq tarihy bar «Qalamqas» halyq әn-by ansambli újymyna tabystady. Ashylu saltanatynda belgili aqyn, professor, Abay audanynyng qúrmetti azamaty Bauyrjan Jaqyp ózining arnau ólenin oqydy.
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Yghy-jyghy halyq, tónirektegi әinegi jarqyraghan avtokólikterde qisap joq. Jinalghan qauym ýzbey әn tyndaumen boldy. Óitkeni, dala tósindegi enseli sahnada Á.Qashaubaev atyndaghy memlekettik filarmoniya, «Abay», «Darigha-ay» jastar teatry men «Qalamqas» әn-by ansambli әrtisterining merekelik baghdarlamalary jýrip jatty. Bir qiyny, týs aua qara búlt tónip, aq jauyn bastalsyn da ketsin. Janbyr tópelep, suyq jauratty júrtty, biraq oghan qaraghan halyq joq. Tarqamady. Alaman bәige, top bәige, jorgha jarysty asygha tosty. Saghat 15.00 shamasynda kórermen delebesin qozdyryp bәige bastalsyn. 15 shaqyrymdyq qashyqtyqqa 25 túlpar, jorgha jarysynda 22 jýirik baq synady.
18.00-20.00-de Qúnanbay qajynyng túnghysh toyyna kelgen qonaqtargha Qarauylda, Han Shynghys meyramhanasynda qonaq asy berildi. 20.00-22.00-de Qarauyl tóbe eteginde Gala konsert ótti. Semeylik jәne «Qalamqastyn» әnshileri qúlaq qúryshyn qandyrdy. «Men qazaqpyn» ólenimen әigili bolghan Quandyq Raqym, kýmis kómey Ábdijappar Álqoja siyaqty estrada júldyzdary keshting kórigin onan әri qyzdyryp әketti.
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Suretterdi Asan Omarov úsyndy
Búl toy búrynghy toydan ózgerek...
Ádili kerek, biz bayandap otyrghan toydyng ózindik ereksheligi kóp boldy. Olardyng eng bolmaghanda ýsheuin atap ótpeu әdilettilikke jatpasa kerek. Birinshisi – toydyng shyghynyn qarapayym halyqtyng kóterip aluy. Abay audany túrghyndary arasynda óz ýlesin qospaghan otbasy qalmaghan tәrizdi. Demeushilik jasaghan adamdar tizimin sanqyldaghan radiodan oqyp shyghudyng ózi bir saghattay uaqytqa sozyldy. Bireu jomart, bireu saran, bireu fermer, endi bireu zeynetker degendey, әr adam minezi men shamasyna qaray ýles qosary belgili. On myng tenge, meyli, million tenge, sonday-aq, bir qoy, on litr qymyz, meyli bir ýiir jylqy qosqandar qatar atalyp jatty. Iri demeushiler arasynda Besqaraghay audanynan shyqqan biznesmen, belgili mesenat Baltabek Núrghaliyevting esimi de ataldy.
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Suretterdi Asan Omarov úsyndy
Esten ketpes kelesi erekshelik – qazaq tili mәrtebesining biyik túghyrdan kórinui boldy. Ýsh kýn ishinde birde-bir sheshen ózge tilde sóilegen joq. Toygha jinalghan qalyng júrt arasynan da tildi búzyp shúbarlaghan, oryssha shýldirlegen dauysty estimedik. Taza qazaqtildi ortada jýru bir ghaniybet, jannyng rahaty. Kónilimizge ana tilining qoldanysy Abay zamanyndaghyday bola alady eken-au degen ýmit úyalap, soghan da quandyq. Bir sózben aitqanda, tilimizdi Qúnanbay aruaghy kýzetip: «Ony qorlaudy dogharyndar!» dep ses kórsetip túrghan siyaqtandy.
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Suretti Asan Omarov úsyndy
Ayta qalarlyq ýshinshi ózgeshelik – toyda ejelgi qazaqy salt-dәstýr saqtalyp, Qúnanbay, Abay dәuirindegi qoghamdyq sana men tәrtipke say ótui boldy. Mysalgha aqyndar mýshәirasynda Bauyrjan Serikqaliyúly bir jylqy (3-oryn), Núrjan Baytós eki jylqy (2-oryn), al jenimpaz Bauyrjan IYgilik ýsh jylqy iyelendi. Alty aqyn yntalandyru jýldesi retinde bir-bir qoydan aldy. Bәige, qazaq kýresi jәne ózge de jarys jenimpazdary da әdettegidey temir túlpar nemese aqsha, búiymmen emes, tórt týlik malmen marapattaldy. Jarqyraghan avtokólikting kóptigi bolmasa, әr qazaq Qúnekeng zamanyna tap bolghanday, kóshpeli dәuirde jýrgendey sezindi. Óitkeni, ainala kisinegen jylqy, últtyq kiyimnen kóz sýrinedi. Ishkening qymyz, dastarhanyng et, jal-jaya, qúrt, irimshikke toly bolsa, solay bolmaghanda qaytedi. Keremet emes pe. Dastarhan degennen shyghady, Abay audanynyng azamattary iri toylardy ótkizuge әbden tóselgen jandar. Qonaqtardy qabaq shytpay kýtip aluy, barlyq tәtti, dәmdisin úsynghan keng peyilderi búl joly da barshanyng kónilinen shyqty. Mysalgha bizderdi, semeylik jurnalister men әrtisterdi «Qúndyzdy» auyly tikken ýlken kiyiz ýide qarsy alyp, ayaqtarynan tik túryp kýtip aldy.
Osy aitylghan ýsh ózgeshelik keleshektegi barlyq toylargha júghysty bolsa – qazaq salt-sanasynyng saqshysy bolghan Qúnekeng toyynyng ýlgi-ónegesi, qaytarymy da sol bolar edi degen oidamyn. Mine, túnghysh toydan kórgen-bilgenderimiz ben alghan әserlerimiz osylar, aghayyn.
Reportajdy dayyndaghan
Asan Omarov
Abai.kz