Moldaghaly Bektúrlyúly (1875-1932) – Jayyq boyynda tuylyp, Qúljada qaytys bolghan aghartushy, jurnalist. Týrkiyada bilim alyp, 1909 jyldan bastap qytay qazaqtary arasynda múghalim boldy.

Óz zamanynyng alghabasar ókili retinde aghartushylyqtan bólek, gazet-jurnaldargha da hat-habar jazyp, avtor retinde qatysyp otyrdy. Jazba sonynda aty-jónin – «alystaghy tilshiniz» - dep, kórsetedi. Moldaghalidyng Qytay jerinde jýrip jazghandary tatardyng «Shura» (1908-1917) jurnaly, «Ayqap» (1911-1913) jurnaly, «Qazaq» (1913-1918) gazetteri «Qyzyl tu» gazetterinde jariyalanyp túrdy. Belsene qalam tartyp, óz kórgen-bilgenderimen, oi-tolghamdarymen bólisti. Ásirese, Qytay qazaqtarynyng salt-sana, әdet-ghúryptary, qonystanuy,  sharuashylyq retteri men tirshilik jay-kýileri turaly mol maghlúmat qaldyrdy. «Qytay qazaghy», «Qytay qazaqtarynyng as berui», «Qúlja saharasynda jút», «Qytaysha oqu», t.b. siyaqty 20-dan astam jazbalary bar. Maqalalarynyng qay-qaysysy bolsyn, býgingi kýn talap-tilegi túrghysynan etnografiyalyq boyauynyng sonylyghy, derektik qúndylyghynyng jogharylyghymen manyz alady.

Tómende Oral qalasynda shyghyp túrghan «Qyzyl tu» gazetining 1926 jyly avgust aiynda shyqqan №95-96 sanynda jariyalanghan «Qytay qazaqtary» atty jazbasyn oqyrmangha úsynamyz!

Suret Abay Myrzaghaliyding jeke múraghatynan alyndy

Qytay qazaqtary jayynan

(Múghalim M.Bektúrlyúly men әngime)

Qytay qol astynda 60 bolys qazaq bar. Barlyghy ýsh gubernege qaraydy. Qúlja, Shәueshek, jәne Ýrimji. Qytay qazaqtary Tyani-Shani tauynyng aimaghy Qas, Kýnes, Tekes degen ózenderding boyyn meken qylghan qazaqtardyng Qytay patshalyghyna qaraghanyna 60 jyl, Shәueshek, Ýrimji gubernelerine (orta jýz) Kerey qazaghy, Qúlja gubernesine Qyzay qazaghy qaraydy. Jeri ken, kýzgi, qysqy, jazghy qonystary bólek bólek. Bir qonghan júrtqa qaytadan el qonbaydy. Qytay qazaghy kóship jýredi. Búl el men shektes Torghauyt qalmaqtary múnan 10 jyl búryn qysqy qystauy joq edi. 10 jyldan beri el qystau sala bastady. búl jaqta qys kóp bolmaydy. Sondyqtan kiyiz ýide de kýneltip otyra beredi. Jeri tau-tas, arba jýre almaydy. Múnarlanghan ormandyq, alma-órik sekildi jemister jabayy ósedi.

MAL ShARUAShYLYGhY

Malgha bay. Kәsibi – mal ósiru. Egin kәsibi bastalghangha on-aq jyl. Aldynghy qatar baylardyng maly – 2 myng jylqy, bir myng qoy, 500 siyr, 15-20 týie bolady.

Orta sharuasynda 500 jylqy, 1000 qoy bolady, 100-150 siyr, 30-daghan týie bolady.

Kedeylerinde: 3 at, 10 siyr, 100 qoy maly bolady. Songhy 5 jyldyng ishinde maly az kedeyler kórine bestady. Búghan týrli sebepter bar.

Birinshi sebep: Qytay patshalyghy songhy jyldarda salyqty bas alyp túr.

Mal baghasy arzan: jaqsy at 100 som, qoy 10 som, siyr 30 som satylady.

EGIS JÁYI

Songhy 10 jyldan berli bir qatar egin kәsibine ainaldy, degen men jalpy beyimdelip ketken joq. Áldi sharualar ýy basyna 10 sheten, kedeyleri 2 sheten jer salady.

Egin salmaytyndar maldaryn ósirip qarap otyrady.

Eginge qolayly qara topyraq jer ózen alaptary. Egindi suaryp shygharady.

Qytay qazaghynyng eginine jauynnyng keregi joq.

OTYRYQShYLYQ RETI

Songhy 10 jyl ishinde aghashtan qazaqtar jaqsy ýiler saldyra bastady. Ýy salushylar orystan qashyp barghandar. Búlar jaldanyp qyzmet isteydi.

Songhy kezde bylghary zauytyn saldyrushylar bola bastady.

Ýkimet búlardan salyghyn aldy. Orys júrtynan qashyp barghan qashqyndar bar. Búlardyng bedeli joq. Tek tamaghy ýshin qyzmet etedi. Keyde qazaqtardyng enbegin bermey quyp jiberetin kezderi de bolady.

ÁKIMShILIK RETI

Qytay qazaghynda saylau men bolatyn bolys, starshyn joq. Ózi ólse balasy iә pamoshniygi bola beredi. Elu basy (davrenyi) lerde solay. Búlardyng ýkimetke qyzmeti tek maldan nalog jinap beru bolady.

Bolys starshyndarynyng ýstinen «Gýn*» qaraydy. Gýng gubernatyrgha baghynady.

Qytay qazaghynda eski jaman әdet kóp. Bolys, starshyndarynyng alatyn parasynyng sany joq. Bolystyng jylqysyna bir týnde qosylghan at aighyrdy eseptey almaysyn.

AGhARTU ISI

Múnan 15 jyl búryn qytay qazaghynda tipti oqu bolmaghan. 1910-ynshy jyldary tatar qazaq múghalimderi baryp key jerlerinde oqu bastalghan. Sonan beri oqu jaghy edәuir kóterildi.

Qytaysha oqu 16-ynshy jyly bastaldy. Bú kýnde qytay mektepterinde oqushy qazaqtar bar: әiel arasynda oqu joq. Mynnan bireui mektepke kire almaydy.

Qytay qazaghyna memleket ishinde bolyp jatqan azamat soghysy ylanynyng әseri tiymeydi. Tek nalogin tólep qana otyrady.

(jalghasy bar)

Q. B.

«Qyzyl tu». 1926 №96. 28 agust

Qytay qazaqtary jayynan

(Múghalim M.Bektúrlyúly men әngime)

(Basy 95-sanda)

ÁDET GhÚRPY JAYYNDA

Qytay qazaghynda qazaqtyng múnan búrynghy 100 jyldyq әdet saltynyng bәri bar.

Mysaly: as beru, ólgenge dauys qylu, taghy...taghylar...

Qytay qazaghynda әiel túrmysy nashar. Áyel malsha júmsalady. 6 qatyn alyp otyrghan baylar bar. Bir kisige aittyrylghan qyz ekinshi bireuge tie almaydy. Eri ólse amangerlik qúday búiryghynday. Qalyng mal degen bayaghy qalybynda. Qysqasy әiel túrmysy óte nashar.

Sondyqtan grandaghy elding qatyn qyzdary Kenes eline qashyp shyghyp jatyr.

DEN SAULYQ JAYY

Qytay qazaghynda týrli júqpaly auyrular kóp. Tenge qotyr, merez, soz, qúrt auyru taghy sondaylar. Ýkimetting berip otyrghan jәrdemi joq. Qalyq bayaghy óz baqsylary men әuirelenip jýr.

Kenes Rosiyasyndaghy qazaqtar men aralas shamaly. Jaqyn jer bizge Jetisu gubernesi (Almaty qalasy). Qúljagha temir jol kelmeydi. Qazaghstannan «Enbekshi qazaq», Jetisudan «Tilshi» gazetteri barady. Biraq qytay ýkimeti baqylap otyrady. Qorytyndy sózinde Moldaghaly joldas bylay dedi:

«Qytay qazaghyna kýnnen kýnge mal sharuashylyghy azayyp, egis otyryqshylyqqa beyimdelu kólemdenip keledi. Túrmys qúbylghan sayyn, әkimderding de búzyqtyghy órship, qalyqtyng tómengi jaghyna zәbiri kýshti. Resey qúramasyndaghy kenesting әseri qytay qazaqtaryna da tiymey otyrghan joq. Kedey sharualar kenes ornatudy tileydi. Ómir túrmysy damylsyz tartysuda. Mini, qysqasha qytay qazaqtarnyng qaly osy».

Joldas Moldaghaly Bektúrlyúly Oral uiyezi Júbanyshkól bolysynyng qazaghy. ruy Jabaghy Kerderi. Búl joldas 1900  inshi jyldarda ghylym izdep Týrkiyege baryp, odan bir neshe jylday Aziya, Europa qalalaryn kezip jýrip, 1909 inshi jyly qytay qazaqtaryna baryp múghalim bolghan. Sodan beri Bektúrlyúly qytay jerinde. Endigi maqsaty tughan jeri Oral gubernesine kelmek.

Q. B.

Jetisine ýsh ret shyghatyn Oraldyng gubernelik partiya kamiyteti men atqaru kamiytetining tili.

Uaqytsha shygharushy: Sapaúly T. (T. Safiyev)

Tiraj: 1550

Dayyndaghan: Abay Myrzaghaliy 

Abai.kz