Toghyzqúmalaq oiynyn búrynghy qazaq ómirimen salystyryp kórelik. Qazaq saltynda kóp balaly ýy bir әkege, al býkil ru rubasy aqsaqalgha qatang baghynghan. Bala kәmeletke jetken song әkesi ony ýilendirip otau qúrady. Toghyzqúmalaqtaghy otauda toghyz qúmalaq bolghandyqtan, ol otaudyng basy adam degen ishara beredi.

Sóitip, balalar ósken sayyn otaular kóbeyip, úlghaya beredi. Áke baylyghy ózining jighanymen ghana emes, balalarynyn, yaghny otaulardyng baylyghymen de qúralady.

Toghyzqúmalaq taqtasyn osynday qazaq ortasy dep qarastyratyn bolsaq, onda oinaushyny әkemen, al otaulardy onyng balalarynyng otbasymen salystyrugha bolady. Ákening maqsaty ózining qazanyndaghy baylyghyn kóbeytu. Baylyqqa mal sany tәrizdi dýniyelik qana emes, adamnyng adamgershiligin ósiretin sabyrlylyq, meyirimdilik, syi-qúrmet, jaqsy kónil, aqyl sóz tәrizdi ruhany baylyq ta jatady.

Toghyzqúmalaqta eki týrli baylyq bar. Biri – qazandaghy qúmalaqtar. Kim ózining qazanynda kóp qúmalaq jinasa – sol jeniske jetedi. Sondyqtan búlar oiynshyny  jeniske jetkizetin qúmalaqtar – negizgi baylyq bolyp tabylady. Ekinshisi – otaulardaghy qúmalaqtar. Búlar qazandaghy qúmalaqtardy kóbeytu ýshin paydalanady, yaghny jeniske jetu qúraly ghana.

Adam ómirinde de eki týrli baylyq bolady. Biri – adamnyng sýiispenshiligin, meyirimdiligin, sabyrlylyghyn, danalyghyn, shydamdylyghyn jәne basqa da adamy qasiyetterin kórsetetin ruhany baylyq, al ekinshisi onyng densaulyghyn, súlulyghyn, kýsh-quatyn, qaltasyndaghy aqshasyn jәne basqa da tәndik artyqshylyghyn kórsetetin dýniyelik baylyq. Dýniyelik baylyq mәngilikti emes, ózgerip otyrady, al ólgen kezde adam odan mýlde aiyrylady. Ruhany baylyq, kerisinshe, mәngilikti, eshuaqytta kemimeydi, ólgennen keyin o dýniyede adamnyng azyghy bolady. Ómir maqsatyna jetkizetin baylyq ta, osy ruhany baylyq. Búl dýniyede adam ruhany baylyghyn kóbeytu ýshin ózining dýniyelik baylyghyn paydalanady. Búl toghyzqúmalaqta qazandaghy baylyqty molaytu ýshin otaudaghy baylyqty qoldanu tәrizdi,

Osylay ómir kórinisterin toghyzqúmalaqpen salystyratyn bolsaq, otaudaghy baylyq dýniyelik baylyq tәrizdi birde kóbeyip, birde azayyp otyrady, sondyqtan ol ózgergish dýniyelik baylyq bolyp tabylady da, al qazandaghy baylyq azaymaydy, tek qana úlghayyp otyrady jәne jeniske jetkizetin tek qana osy baylyq, sondyqtan ol ómirdegi ruhany baylyq tәrizdi. Toghyzqúmalaq dәstýri men tirshilik dәstýri úqsas – adam ózining ruhany baylyghyn úlghaytu jolynda dýniyelik baylyghyn paydalanatyny tәrizdi, oiynshy da qazandaghy qúmalaqtaryn kóbeytu ýshin otaudaghy qúmalaqtardy paydalanady.

Endi әri qaray salystyryp kórelik.

Bay ýshin alu kerek. Al alu ýshin әueli beru kerek. Sóitip, bastaushy bolghan oiynshy ózining birinshi jýrisinde әke tәrizdi bir otauynan bastap sol otaudaghy baylyqty ýlestirip bere bastaydy. Ol otaugha da ómir sýru kerek bolghandyqtan, ol otaudaghy baylyqtyng bir bóligin qaldyrady, yaghny bir qúmalaqty qaldyrady da, basqalaryn ýlestiredi. Ýlestirgende әueli eng jaqyn otaudan bastaydy. Sebebi jaqsylyq jasaudy eng jaqynynnan bastau kerek. Jaqsylyqty jaqynyna jasay almasan, basqagha da jasay almaysyn. Búl ómir zandylyghy. Sóitip, baylyq jinau ýshin ol birtindep eng jaqynynan bastap ýlestiredi de, alystaghylargha, tipti, taqtadaghy ózining qarsy jaghyndaghy otaulargha kóshedi. Songhy tasy týsken qarsy jaqtaghy otaudaghy barlyq baylyqty (qúmalaqtardy) alyp ózining qazanyna salady. Osylay ol ruhany baylyq jinaydy. Qúmalaghyn bergen otau qazir bos qalghanymen, ol odan azyp ketpeydi – oiyn barysynda oghan baylyq qaytadan jinalady. Sebebi ol berdi, endeshe bergen qayta alady. Qarsy jaqtan qostaushy jýrgen kezde, ol da osylay óz qalauynsha ekinshi jaqtan bir otaudyng baylyghyn týgeldey alugha mýmkindigi bar.

Taq sandy otau ashyq, al júp sandy otau jabyq dep atalady. Eger songhy qúmalaq qarsylastyng taq sandy qúmalaghy bar otauyna týsip, ondaghy qúmalaqtardy júp qylsaq (2, 4, 6, 10, 12), sol otaudaghy qúmalaqtar útyp alynyp, óz qazanymyzgha salynady. Múnday jýris tabysty jýris bolyp tabylady. Eger songhy qúmalaq qarsylastyng júp sandy qúmalaghy bar otauyna týsip (3 qúmalaqtan basqa), taq qylsa nemese óz otauymyzgha týsse, qúmalaq útyp alynbaydy. Múnday jýris jay jýris dep atalady. Otaudaghy jalghyz qúmalaq kórshi otaugha jýrgende, orny bos qalady.

Oyyn barysynda jýrushi alys-beris tәrtibi boyynsha bir otaudan alynghan baylyqty barlyq otaulargha birdey salyp shyghady, yaghny ol әueli ózining manyndaghylaryna berip, qorshaghan ortasyn bayytady. Eger odan asyp ketse, onda ol kelesi jaqtyng otaularyna beredi. Bergen sayyn otaudaghy adamdardyng rizashylyghyn alyp, baylyq jinau arqyly ózining ruhany bolmysyn ósiredi. Maqsat – qarsy jaqtaghy songhy bergen otaudyng baylyghyn ózining qazanyna salu. Ol ýshin jýristing aldynda әueli alatyn otaudyng jaghdayyn bilip alyp, ony júp sandy etu kerek. Sonda ghana ol otaudaghy qúmalaqtardy óz qazanyna salady.

Ómirde de týrli jaghdaylarmen әrkim beruge dayyn bola bermeydi. Mysaly, ol otaudyng ózining alda jospary boluy mýmkin, ne bolmasa otau iyesi әli ruhany jetilmegen sarang shyghar. Osynday otaudan jýrushi qúmalaq ala almaytyn bolghandyqtan onyng jýrisi jay jýris bolady. Al eger ol ózining jýrisin aldyn ala josparlap, songhy otaudyng jaghdayyn jaqsy bilip alyp, oghan beru arqyly onyng kónilin ashyp, bere alatynday jaghdayyn jasasa, onda onyng jýrisi tabysty bolyp, alu arqyly ózining ruhany baylyghyn molaytady. Toghyzqúmalaqta búl jaghday qarsylastyng otauyndaghy qúmalaqtardy taq san etip, yaghny ashyp alyp, sonan keyin ózi jýrip, sol otaudaghyny júp etip, ózining qazanyna salumen birdey.

Ne sebepten otaudaghy baylyqty taq san emes, júp san bolghanda ghana alugha bolady? Múny ómirdegi tómendegidey psihologiyalyq sәtpen týsindiruge bolatyn tәrizdi. Júp sany tolyqtyqty bildiredi. Onday otau syrttan qosymsha dýnie kerek qylmaydy, sondyqtan jabyq. Al taq sany tolyq emes. Ol qozghalysty, tolyghu barysyn bildiredi. Sondyqtan ol ashylyp tolyq bolugha úmtylady. Jýrushi ózining qúmalaghyn salyp, ol sandy júp qylghanda otau tolyghyp, ómir bir qalypty ýilesimdilikke keledi. Sol kezde jýrushige razy bolghan otau iyesining kónili tolyghyp, ózining baylyghyn oghan onay syilap beredi. Osylay ol ózining dýniyelik baylyghyn berip, ruhany baylyq alady. Al ruhany baylyq kelesi jýristerde oghan dýniyelik baylyqty, yaghny qúmalaqtardy tartady. Osylay alys-beris dәstýrinde ruhany baylyq pen dýniyelik baylyq ózara almasuda tyghyz baylanysta bolyp, bir-birin tolyqtyryp otyrady.

Tirshilikte ómir sonynda adamnyng tәjiriybesi molayyp, ol kimge qalay berip, qalay alu  kerektigin jaqsy biledi. Sondyqtan oghan kóp nәrse kedergisiz onay keletini belgili. Sonymen birge, ol bala-shaghasyn ósirip jetkizip, endi ony solar asyraytyn bolady, ne bolmasa, qazirgi zamandaghyday ózining qoghamdyq mindetin atqarghannan keyin, zeynetker bolyp, zeynet aqysyn alyp otyrady. Endi ol tek qana ruhany baylyq jinaugha mýmkindik alyp, oghan jetilu joly keninen ashylady.

Toghyzqúmalaqta da solay. Oiynnyng sonynda qúmalaqtar men jýris azayyp, keybir otaular bos qalady. Tәjiriybeli oiynshygha qarsylasynyng qúmalaghyn paydalanbay-aq, tek qana ózining otauyndaghy qúmalaqtardy qarsylasynyng bos qalghan otaularyna salyp, yaghny tek qana ózining qúmalaqtarymen ózining qazanyndaghy baylyghyn molaytatyn tәsil (kombinasiya) bar. Osy tәsil arqyly taqtadaghy jaghdaygha baylanysty ol, mysaly, ózining 5 qúmalaqtan qarsylastyng bos qalghan otauyna qúmalaq salyp, onyng 2-in, 8 qúmalaqtan, onyng 4-in, 10 qúmalaqtan, onyng 6-yn útyp óz qazanyna salyp aluyna bolady. Osylay ol qarsylasynyng otauyndaghy (dýniyelik) baylyghyn kóbeytip, oghan jýris berip, biraq ózining qazandaghy (ruhani) baylyghyn kóbeytedi.  Búl tәsildi paydalanu ýshin oiynshy ózining otaularyndaghy baylyghy ózine kerekti jýristi qamtamasyz etetinine, sondyqtan atsyraugha týspeytinine senimdi boluy kerek.

Búl arada alys-beris zandylyghy da saqtalady. Tirshilik ómirde búl ózining dýniyelik baylyghyn kedeylerge berip, olardan ruhany baylyq aluymen birdey. Osylay ol kedeylerding dýniyelik ómirine kómektesip, ózine ruhany baylyq jinaydy. Osylay ol ózining dýniyelik baylyghyn ruhany baylyqqa ainaldyrady. Mysaly, islamdaghy zeket beru, yaghny  maldyn, ne bolmasa dýniyening 1/40 bóligin kedeylerge beru, yaghny ruhany jolgha beru dәstýri osynyng bir kórinisi.

Búl ómirde jinaghan dýniyelik baylyqty kelesi ómir ýshin ruhany baylyqqa ainaldyrudyng taghy bir mysalyn keltireyik. Kóniline kóp toqyghan danaly adam ózining ruhany baylyghyn kóbeytu ýshin qartayghan shaghynda syrtqy ómirge kóp jýginbeydi. Ol endi ózining ishki dýniyesine ýniledi. Ómirden dúrys sabaq ala bilgen adamnyng ishinde mol baylyq bar. Ol sol baylyqty ruhany baylyqqa ainaldyryp, ómirding týpki maqsatyna jete alady. Kәrteygen kezde oi-órisin bir Qúdaygha shoghyrlandyryp, dúgha ne bolmasa, pikirmen (músylmansha fikirmen) shúghyldanatyn jetilgen adamdar osylardyn  qataryna jatady. Búryn onday danaly adamdar kóp bolghan.

Toghyzqúmalaqta bir otaudaghy qúmalaq sany oiyn kezinde basqa otaulargha qaraghanda edәuir kóbeyip ketken jaghdayda ol otau oiynshynyng eng bay otauy bolghandyqtan, ony qysqasha «bay» dep ataydy. «Baylar» bar oiyn qyzyqty jәne tartymdy bolady. Eki oiynshy da ózining barlyq jýrisin osynday «baylargha» týsu maqsatynda qúrady. Sondyqtan oiyn ýstinde belgili bir maqsatsyz uaqytta baylardy eki ainalymgha deyin ústau óte qauipti. Aynalym degenimiz bir otaudan jýrilgen qúmalaqtyng soldan ongha qaray barlyq onsegiz otaugha qatar týsip, óz ornyna qayta kelui.

Baylyq kimge bolsa da ýlken syn. Ómirde bay bolghan adam basqalardan ózin bólektep, kókiregi kóterilip, ózgeni mensinbey ketui mýmkin. Al oghan qaraghan basqa otaularda qyzghanshaqtyq, kórealmaushylyq payda bolyp, dau-janjaldy kóbeytip, týbinde býkil ortagha ziyany keledi. Osyny týsingen әke barlyq otaulardyng jaghdayyn birdey ústaugha úmtylady. Keyde týrli jaghdaylarmen belgili bir otau daralanyp bayyp ketedi. Bay otaugha kelimsekter de kóbeyip, onay oljagha qúmar adamdardyng nysanasyna ainalady. Alys-beris dәstýrin tolyq mengermegen, әli ruhany tolyp jetilmegen otaular baylyghyn dúrys paydalana almay, orynsyz renish tudyrady. Sóitip búl ýlken syn bolyp, ruhany jetiluine bóget bolady.  Sondyqtan, aqyldy әke bir otaudyng oqshaulanyp ketuinen saq bolyp, ol otaudyng baylyghyn basqalargha taratyp otyrady. Búl ómir zandylyghy.

Búl zandylyq toghyzqúmalaqqa da engen. Oiyn kýshti bolu ýshin «baylardyn» sany  bir ainalymnan asa bastaghannan-aq, olardy otaulargha taratudyng paydaly jaghyn qarastyrady. Sebebi qarsy jaqtyng kózdegeni de sol otaugha týsip, onyng baylyghyn alu bolyp tabylady.

Jýris jasaghan kezde otaulargha qúmalaq salmay nemese eki-ýsh qúmalaq bólip alyp jýruge bolmaydy. Búdan keyin jýris kezegi qarsy jaqqa kóshedi. Qarsy jaqtyng da maqsaty sizding taq sandy bir otauynyzgha ózining songhy qúmalaghyn salyp, ol otaudaghy qúmalaqtardy óz qazanyna salu bolyp tabylady. Eki jaqtyng jasaghan jýristeri bir jýris bolyp sanalady. Osy tәrtippen jýris alma-kezek auystyrylyp otyrady.

Qoghamnyng dúrys jetilui ýshin tәrtip jәne әdilet kerek. Sondyqtan әke eshkimdi daralamay, barlyghyna birdey qarap, baylyqty barlyghyna birdey ýlestiredi jәne bir otaudan tek qana baylyqtyng bir bóligin ghana almay, tәrtip boyynsha basqa otaularday etip týgel alady. Alghan adam beru kerek. Osylay alys-beriste tepe-tendik ornaydy. Sondyqtan, toghyzqúmalaqta da eki jaq birdey jýris jasap, alys-beris tolyq oryndalghan song ghana búl jýrister bir jýris bolyp esepteledi.

Oyynshylar qúmalaqtardy shahmat, doybydaghy siyaqty paydalanbaydy. Qúmalaqtardy qarsy jaqqa da ótkize alady. Jeke qúmalaqtar eki jaqtyng otaularyna auysa týsip, olarda búrynnan jatqan qúmalaqtardyng sanyna ózgeris engizedi. Osylay otaulardyng sapasy ózgerip, olar bayyraq, ne bolmasa júp-taqqa ainalyp jatady. Otaulardyng jaqyngha ne bolmasa alysqa jetui ózining ishinde jatqan qúmalaqtardyng sanyna baylanysty. Mysaly, jýriletin otaudyng ishinde bir ghana qúmalaq jatsa, ol ongha qaray bir-aq otaugha qarghy alady. Kelesi jýriste bolmasa, onyng birden eki-ýsh otau qarghugha kýshi jetpeydi. Ol ýshin kóbirek qúmalaq kerek. Eger oiynshy ózining bir otauy arqyly qarsy jaqtyng ekinshi bir otauyn shabuyldaghysy kelse, sol jýriletin otaugha qúmalaq jinay bastaydy. Osylay otaulardaghy qúmalaqtardyng azayyp, kóbeyi olardyng әserlik kýshin arttyrady, ne kemitedi.

Basqa oiyn týrlerinde әrbir oiynshynyng ózderining aq, ne qara tastary bolyp, ol tastar ekinshi jaqtyng menshigine óte almaydy. Toghyzqúmalaqta olay emes. Eki jaqtyng qúmalaqtary (tastary) da bir týsti, sondyqtar olar bir jaqtan ekinshi jaqqa aralasa beredi. Yaghni, әrbir qúmalaq qazir bir jaqta bolsa, kelesi jýriste ol ekinshi jaqqa shyghyp ketui mýmkin. Qúmalaqtar eshkimning menshiginde emes, olar ainalymdaghy aqsha baylyghy tәrizdi erkin qozghalady. Qazir bireudi bayytsa, kelesi joly basqany bayytady. Osylay bir qoldan ekinshi qolgha ótip, onay qozghalady. Búl kóshpeli ómir kórinisi.  Ýzdiksiz qozghalys kóshpendi adamgha qanday erkindik berse, toghyzqúmalaqtyng búl ereksheligi de oiynshynyng baylyq jinauyna sonday erkindik beredi.

Ómirde kimning aqshasy kóp bolsa – sol adam bay. Bay ýshin әrkim ózining aqshasyn kóbeytedi. Toghyzqúmalaqta da solay. Otaularda neghúrlym qúmalaqtar kóp bolsa, solghúrlym oiynshynyng baylyghy kóp bolyp, jýrisi molayady, әri shabuyl kýshi artady. Osylay ol jeniske erkin jetedi. Eger oiynshy qarsy jaqtyng bir otauyn alghysy kelse, ol ózining soghan sәikes otauyna baylyq jinauy kerek. Otaudyng baylyghy neghúrlym kóp bolsa, ol solghúrlym alysqa týse alady. Ómirde de bay adam ózi tәrizdi auqatty adamnyng ýiine erkin baryp, onymen óz qalauynsha alys-beris jasay alady. Al kedey adam bireuding ýiine barghysy kelse, әueli oilanuy kerek – barghan jer ony kónildegidey qabylday ma, joq pa.  Bay adamgha qaraghanda onyng mýmkindigi shekteuli, sondyqtan ol baratyn jerine erkin bara almaydy.

Kóshpeli adamnyng ómiri tabighat baylyghyn jinaugha baylanysty. Toghyzqúmalaq oiyny da osynyng kórinisi. Qazirgi sport oiyndary jenu ýshin qarsylastyng kýshin azaytyp, ony qúrtugha negizdelgen. Yaghny oiynshy qarsylastyng tastaryn jep, azaytugha úmtylady. Toghyzqúmalaqta olay emes. Toghyzqúmalaqtyng maqsaty qarsylastyng tasyn jeu emes, ózine baylyq jinau. Baylyq jinau kóshpeli dәuirden kele jatqan әdis, sonyng kórinisining biri. Ejelgi adam jemis-jiydek, jabayy ósimdikterding dәnderin, tamyrlaryn jinap jәne anshylyqpen shúghyldanyp, andardyng terisin, jýnin jinap óz qajetine jaratyp daghdylanghan. Keyinnen maldy qolgha ýiretkennen keyin ony tabighat baylyghyn jinaugha paydalandy. Mal dalada jayylyp, kýn quatynan payda bolghan shópti jep, ózining jýni, sýti tәrizdi denesining fiziologiyalyq qúbylystaryna ainaldyrdy. Adam maldyng jinap әkelgen sol baylyqtaryn paydalandy. Sóitip mal adam ýshin tabighat baylyghyn jinaytyn qúralgha ainalyp, ómir tiregi boldy. Mal tabighattyng bir bóligi bolghandyqtan,  búl adamdy tabighattan bólgen joq, kerisinshe, jaqyndata týsti. Osylay kóshpeli adam tabighattan bólinbey, ýnemi onyng bir bóligi sezinip otyrdy. Tabighattan ózine keregin mal arqyly jinaydy. Adamgha eshtene jasap keregi joq, tek qana maldyng jayylymyna jaghday jasasa boldy. Mal adamgha kerektilerdi ózi daladan jinap әkeledi. Sondyqtan kóshpendining ómiri mal sanyna baylanysty boldy, al mal sany tabighat qúbylystaryna baylanysty. Osylay týbinde adamnyng ómiri tabighat qúbylystaryna tikeley tәueldi bolyp, adamdy tabighatqa kónilin kóp audaryp, onymen tyghyz baylanysta bolugha mәjbýr etti. Adam tabighat qúbylysyn barlap, onyng syrlaryn týsine bilip, ómirin baylanystyryp otyrdy. Mysaly, kóshken qústar minezi boyynsha, jan-januardardyng әreketterine qarap tabighat ózgeristerin barlady. Tabighat qúbylystaryn bilu jaylaugha shyghu, qystaugha qaytu merzimderin anyqtaugha mýmkindik berdi.  Tabighat Joghary Jaratushynyng bir kórinisi bolghandyqtan, adam ýnemi Sonyng yqpalynda bolyp, ómirding әrbir  sәtinde Onyng shapaghatyn sezinip otyrdy. Osylay adam ózin әlemning bir mýshesi retinde sezinip, onyng ruhany damuy evolusiya jolymen tabighy týrde boldy.

Kóshpendining ómiri mal sanyna baylanysty bolsa, toghyzqúmalaqshynyng da jenisi jinaghan qúmalaq sanyna (baylyghyna) baylanysty.

Toghyzqúmalaq jýrekti tazartyp qana qoymay, sonymen birge aqyldy da jetildiredi. Ózine úqsas basqa oiyndargha qaraghanda toghyzqúmalaq kýrdelirek jәne ýlken eske saqtau qabyletin talap etedi. Shahmat tәrizdi basqa oiyndarda taqtadaghy jaghdaydyng ózgerui bir jýriste bir tastyng oryn auystyruymen ghana shekteletin bolsa, al toghyzqúmalaqta bir jýriste bir emes, birneshe qúmalaq birden oryn auystyrady. Sóitip, bir jýristing ózinde býkil taqtadaghy jaghday tolyq ózgerip ketui mýmkin. Taqtadaghy jaghday jýris sayyn ózgerip, oiyndy qyzyghyraq ete týsedi. Búl oiynshynyng aqylyn jetildirip, este saqtau qabiletin shyndaydy, oilau qabiletin ósiredi. Árbir jýriste oiynshy ózining sheberligine baylanysty ózine tiyimdi jaghday jasaugha tyrysady.

Toghyzqúmalaq oiynynda adamnyng aqyly men jan dýniyesi qatar paydalanylady. Adam ómirdi aqylymen jәne jan dýniyesimen qabyldaydy. Aqyl adamnyng kónilin ómirding syrtqy qúbylysyna, onyng symbatyna baghyttasa, al jan – ishki syryna, týpki mәnine baghyttaydy. Aqyl midy paydalansa, al jan jýrekti paydalanady. Osylay, adam balasynda ómirdi qabyldaytyn eki orta bolghandyqtan, eki týrli – Batys jәne Shyghys – mәdeniyetteri qalyptasty. Búl mәdeniyetterding erekshelikteri kóshpendi jәne otyryqshy ómir aiyrmashylyghynan da payda bolady. Eki mәdeniyet adamdarynyng ómir qúbylystaryn qabyldaulary eki týrli. Batys adamy ómirdi aqylmen qabyldaydy, al shyghys adamy jýrekpen qabyldaydy. Búl eki mәdeniyet ókilderining ómir týsinikteri, oilau jýieleri, minez-qúlyqtary әrtýrli bolghandyqtan, olar keyde bir-birin  týsinbey jatady.

Batys mәdeniyeti aqyl-oydy shyndap, adamnyng kónilin ózining ishki dýniyesinen syrtqy denesine búrdy. Ol ózining aqyl-esin, psihikasyn shyndady. Osylay tehnikalyq órkeniyet payda boldy. Biraq búl adamnyng jan dýniyesin sualtty. Batys mәdeniyeti órkókirektik, kóre almaushylyq, agressiya, sabyrsyzdyq tәrizdi qasiyetterdi tәrbiyelese, al shyghys mәdeniyeti meyirimdilik, shydamdylyq, sabyrlylyq taghy s.s. adamgershilik qasiyetterdi tәrbiyeleydi. Sondyqtan Shyghys pen Batys dәstýrinde tәrbiyelengen adamdardyng minez-qúlyqtary eki bólek. Ejelgi qazaqtar ózining ishki ómirine kóbirek kónil bólgen. «Úyat bolady» degen sózding halyq arasynda ýlken manyzy bar. Búl sóz adamdy jaman isterden alshaq ústaytyn tәrtip, onyng mejesi tәrizdi. Biraq Shyghys mәdeniyeti jan-dýniyesi jetilgen bolsa da, aqyl-oydy shynday almaghandyqtan, dýniyelik jetilude artta qalsa, al Batys mәdeniyeti ruhany sualdy. Osylay bir qanaty әlsiregen qústay, jetilu baghytynan auytqyp, eki mәdeniyet te toqyraugha týsti. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde qazirgi zamanda adamzat qoghamy kóptegen qiynshylyqtar kórip otyr. Endigi maqsat – eki mәdeniyetting jetistikterin biriktiru.

Toghyzqúmalaq oiyny osynday mәselening sheshimin tabudyng bir joly deuge bolady. Óitkeni, ol adamnyng oi-órisin damytyp qana qoymaydy, sonymen birge, ony dúrys týsinip oinasa, jan dýniyesin jetildiruge de mýmkindik beredi. Sóitip, tehnikalyq órkeniyet kýsh alyp, býkil әlemge jayyludyng әserinen adamnyng jan dýniyesi ruhany sualyp, onyng ornyn dýniyelik qúndylyqtar basqan bizding dәuirde búl mәselening ýlken manyzy bar.

Toghyzqúmalaqty ruhany jetilu ýshin oinaghan adamnyng qatarlas nәzik әlemderge kiruge mýmkindigi mol. Múnday jaghdayda jýrek nәzik әlemdermen baylanysyp, barlyq habar jogharghy әlemderden (qazaqsha aitqanda tylsym dýniyeden) keledi. Tabighatpen tyghyz baylanystaghy kóshpeli halyqtar arasynda onday adamdar kóp bolghan. Onyng bir dәleli – «suyryp-salma» aqyndar men aqyndar aitysy. Aqyndar aitysy tek kóshpeli halyqtar arasynda ghana taraghan. Evropa halyqtarynyng arasynda búl joq. Sebebi olardyng sóz jәne oilau jýieleri aqyl arqyly bolyp, logikagha negizdelgen. Mysaly, qazirgi zamanda әlemdik tilge ainalghan aghylshyn tili tolyghymen logikalyq negizde. Batys ómirin aqyl basqarady. Al Shyghysta bólek – ómirdi jýrek basqarady.

Aytys kezinde aqylmen oilau mýmkin emes, sebebi uaqyt az, sondyqtan, tek qana jýrekke kelgen sóz ghana aitylady. Búrynghy zamanda jýrek qabileti joghary bolghandyqtan әrbir qazaq auyldyng alty auyz ólenin qúrastyra alatyn. Toy-jiynda soghan negizdelgen týrli jarys-oyyndar bolatyn.

Toghyzqúmalaqta da oiyngha tolyq berilgen kezde tek aqylmen ghana emes,   tylsym dýniyege kirip jýrek arqyly oinaugha mýmkindik mol.  My kóp júmys jasamaydy. Búnday jaghdayda adam sharshamay, úzaq uaqyt oinay beredi.

Túzdyq alu. Toghyzqúmalaqta bir ret qarsylastyng otauyn týgeldey útyp alugha da bolady. Ony ejelde «túzdy ýi» dep ataghan. Býginde «túzdyq» deydi. Túzdyq alu ýshin jýris jasaghan kezde qarsylastyng eki qúmalaghy bar otauyna siz taratqan qúmalaqtardyng songhysy týsui kerek. Sonda sol otauda qalyptasqan ýsh qúmalaqpen birge otau da útyp alynyp, sol otau oiynnyng sonyna deyin sizding menshiginizge ainalady. Yaghny jýris jasalghan sayyn túzdyq alynghan otaugha týsetin bir qúmalaq mindetti týrde sizding qazanynyzgha salynyp otyrady. Túzdyq alynghan otaugha arnayy belgi qoyylady. Túzdyq oiynda bir ret alynady jәne № 9 otaudan eshqashan alynbaydy. Sonday-aq túzdyq attas otaulardan alynbaydy. Mәselen, eger bastaushy sizding № 2 otauynyzgha túzdyq qoysa, siz onyng № 2 otauyna túzdyq sala almaysyz.

Túzdyq tamaqtyng dәmin keltirip, qúnaryn arttyrady. Sondyqtan qazaq asynda túzdyqtyng asa manyzdy orny bar. Toghyzqúmalaqta da túzdyq alghan adamnyng oiyny qúnarly bolyp, oghan oiyn barysynda  ýlken artyqshylyq beriledi. Sebebi, túzdyq alynghan otau oiynshynyng menshigine ainalyp, oghan týsken baylyqtyng barlyghy onyng qazanyna týsip otyrady.

Qazaq ómirinde búl sәtti qyz berumen salystyrugha bolady. Qazaq «Qúda myng jyldyq» dep qúdasyn qatty syilaghan. Qyz alghan jaq qalynmal bergen. Toghyzqúmalaqta búl otaudaghy ýsh qúmalaq. Qazir ýsh qúmalaq qana bolghanymen (qalynmal) oiyn barysynda ol otaugha  týsken әrbir qúmalaq (әrbir baylyq) seniki bolyp, búl otau baydyng naghyz búlaghyna ainaluy mýmkin. Qazaq qyzynyng kýieuin «kýieu bala» dep atap, ony ózining balasymen tenegen. Endeshe otaudyng iyeleri ózining qyzy men kýieu balasy bolsa, ondaghy týsken baylyq ta әkeden alys ketpeuge tiyisti. Toghyzqúmalaq oiyny osyny menzep otaugha týsken baylyqtyng barlyghyn әkege berui sodan da boluy mýmkin.  Ekinshi jaq ta qúralaqan bolmaydy – ol qyz alyp, ózining otauyn kóbeytip, ruhany baylyghyn molaytady deuge bolady.

Dәstýr boyynsha qyz alghan ýy qúdasyna ýlken syi-qúrmet kórsetip, kýtip, qaytarda qalaghanyn berip, riza etip, shygharyp salady.  Endi qyzdyng әkesi aldaghy uaqyttarda da qyzynyng ýiine erkin baryp, qonaq bolyp, keregin ala alady. Osylay eki jaqtyng arasynda ózara syilastyq qarym-qatynas ornaydy. Búrynghy zamanda qyz beru salty, jeke adamdar ghana emes, taypalar, memleketter arasynda da alys-beris ornatuda ýlken oryn alghan. Qúda bolyp, tuystasqannan keyin eki jaqta ózara kelisushilik, syilastyq bolyp, beybit ómir ornaghan. Ata-babamyzdyng osy manyzdy әdet-ghúrypy toghyzqúmalaqqa da kirip, «túzdyq» dep atalyp, oiynda manyzdy oryn aluy osynday sebepterden bolsa kerek.

Ayyrbas. Keyde baylyqqa oinaghanda túzdyqty qúmalaqqa aiyrbastaydy. Oiyn barysynda baylyqty baylyqqa, túzdyqty túzdyqqa aiyrbastaytyn kezder bolady. Búnyng barlyghy oiynnyng taktikasy men oiynshynyng qalauyna baylanysty bolady. Osylay oiyn kýrdelene berip, adamnyng oilau qabiletin, yntasyn, oi-órisin ósirip otyrady. Kýndelikti ómirde de týrli aiyrbastar bolyp jatatyny belgili.

At. «At» dep oiyn barysynda jýriletin qúmalaqtardy ataydy.   Mәselen, bir otauda segiz qúmalaq jatyr delik. Onyng arty, yaghny songhy qúmalaqtyng týser jeri – әlgi otaudan soldan ongha qaray sanaghanda segizinshi otauda jatyr. Sonda oiynshy: segizinshi otaugha mening qúmalaghym jetip túr degenning ornyna: «atym jetip túr» dep sóileydi.

Búrynghy qazaq halqynyng túrmysynda attyng manyzy ýlken bolghan. «At – er qanaty» degen sóz bar. At kóshpendi qazaq ýshin úshqan qústyng qanatynday bolyp, Evraziyanyng keng dalasynda erkin qozghalugha mýmkindik berdi. Ózining syilaghan, jaqsy kórgen adamyna qazaq at mindiredi.

Toghyzqúmalaq oiynynda atpen baylanysty eki atau bar. Olar «atsyrau» jәne «at». Búl ataulardyng ózi toghyzqúmalaq oiyny qazaq ómirining bir kórinisi ekenin dәleldey týsedi. Erte kezderde qazaq halqy alys joldargha sapar shekkende, qosaghyna at alyp jýretin bolghan nemese aishylyq sapargha shyqqanda әrbir beket sayyn at auystyryp minetin bolghan. Toghyzqúmalaq oiynynda da osyghan úqsas jaylar kezdesedi. Mysaly, bir otauda jinalgha «baydy» alu ýshin kәdimgidey-aq at jinau kerek. Ol attardy «baygha» jetkenshe әrbir otaugha tastap otyrasyz. Sonda songhy atynyz  baygha jetkende ony alasyz.

«Atsyrau» erejesi. Oiyn ayaqtalugha jaqyndaghan sayyn әr oiynshynyng otaularyndaghy qúmalaq kemy bastaydy. Ár qúmalaq útyp alynghan sayyn nemese túzdyqqa týsken sayyn qarsylastardyng jýris mólsheri azaya beredi. Sondyqtan oiyn sonynda qarsylastardyng biri óz otaularynda jýris jasay almay qalatyn jaghday da kezdesedi. Oiynshylardyng birining otaularyndaghy qúmalaqty birinshi tauysyp alyp, jýrissiz qaluy «atsyrau» dep atalady. Mәselen, qostaushy atsyraugha úshyrasa, búl jaghdayda bastaushy qosymsha bir jýris jasap, barlyq qúmalaqtardy óz qazanyna salyp alady. Eger sol kezde qazandaghy jinalghan qúmalaqtar sany 81-den kóp bolsa, onda bastaushy jenimpaz atanady. Sóitip atsyraugha týsken qostaushy útylady.

Eger «atsyrau» jaghdayynda qosymsha jýris jýrilgen kezde, qúmalaqtar amalsyzdan, ne bolmasa, ózara kelisim boyynsha qarsylastyng otaularynyng birine týsip, jýris beretin bolsa, oiyn әri qaray jalghasa beredi. Sonymen qatar oiynshy oiyn barysynda 82 qúmalaq jinasa da, nәtiyjening dәldigi ýshin oiyndy sonyna deyin oinauy tiyis.

«Atsyrau» tәrizdi tәrtip ziyatkerlik oiyndardyng basqa týrinde kezdespeydi. Toghyzqúmalaqtaghy búl tәrtip qazaq halqynyng ózindik dýniyetanym ereksheligi bolugha tiyisti. «Atsyraugha» týskennen keyin ekinshi jaq bir jýris jasauy kerek, yaghny berui kerek. Al qalay berui onyng ózine baylanysty. Sondyqtan búl jýristing ýlken mәni bar. Tabighatpen ýilesimdi ómirdegi adam basqa jandargha zorlyq-qiyanat jasamaydy, kerisinshe qolynan kelgen  kómegin berip, odan ayamaydy. Joghary ruhany jetilgen adam súrap kelgen pendeni qumay, kerisinshe, oghan ózining songhy tilim nanyn beretini tәrizdi, at súrap kelgen adamgha qazaq tipti ózining songhy atyn beruge dayar bolghan. Osylay ol ózi qiyndyqta qalsa da, basqany qútqarady. Toghyzqúmalaqta halyqtyng osynday dýniyetanymy oryn alghan.

Toghyzqúmalaqta atsyrau, onyng ishinde songhy jýris jasau dәstýri oiyndy qyzyqty etip, onyng qúnaryn arttyra týsedi. Atsyraugha týsken adam birden «jenildi» dep eseptelmeydi. Eger eki jaq kelisse, ekinshi jaqtaghy oiynshy taghy bir jýris jýrip, qarsy jaqqa ózining qúmalaghyn salyp, oghan qosymsha jýris beredi. Osylay eki jaqtyng qalauy boyynsha oiyn әri qaray jalghasa beredi. Sebebi toghyzqúmalaqta negizgi maqsat jeniske jetu emes, oiynnyng barysy.

Osylay toghyzqúmalaqtan atsyrau dәstýri arqyly qazaq halqynyng meyirimdilik, adamgershilik qasiyetterin kóre alamyz.

Al eger oiynshy oiyndy jalghastyrghysy kelmese, onda basqa jýris jasap, otaudaghy qúmalaqtardy óz qazanyna salyp jeniske jetedi. Osylay oiyn ayaqtalady. Oiynshylardyng erkine shek qoyylmaydy.

Basqa dәstýrler tәrizdi atsyrau da ómir kórinisterimen tyghyz baylanysty. Ómirde de dúrys alys-beris jasay almay, qogham dәstýrin búzghan adamnyng tirshiligi de soghan sәikes beybereket bolatyny belgili. Beruding mәnisin bilmey, qoldaghy baryn orynsyz shashyp, baylyghynan aiyrylghan adamdar erte kezde de bolghan. Ózin elge kórsetu maqsatymen orynsyz maldy ysyrap jasap, ne bolmasa qolda baryn eshkimge bermey sarandyq jasap, júrttan shettep, syrtta qalghan adamdar elding qoldauynan aiyrylady, baylyghy da sausaqtyng arasynan aqqan su siyaqty azaya beredi. Osylay, oiynshynyng aty bitkendey – onyng ómirdegi jinaghan baylyghy bitip, jýretin jýrisi bitkendey – onyng ómiri bitedi.

Qazaqtyng baylyghy at bolatyn bolsa, ol atsyz, qanatynan aiyrylghan qús tәrizdi qozghalyssyz qalady. Kóship-qonu kezinde oghan basqalardan at súraugha tura keledi. Búl kóshpeli qazaq ýshin ólimmen teng bolghan. Toghyzqúmalaqtaghy «atsyraudy» qazaq ómirindegi «at súrau» dep týsinetin bolsaq,  eki sóz bir maghynany bildiretinin kóremiz.

Suret avtordyng múraghatynan alyndy.

Dosym Omarov,

abaytanushy, teolog

Abai.kz