Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaev elimizding damu strategiyasynda jastargha basty nazar audarylatynyn atap ótti.

Jastardy qoldau әrqashan preziydentting nazarynda jete ústalynyp keledi. Dúrys baghdarlardy qalyptastyru, sonday-aq jastardyng paternalistik jәne qamqorshylyq kónil-kýiin tómendetu jónindegi sharalardy kýsheytu turaly aita kele, Preziydent:  «Biz qalalarda jaylastyrylmaghan jastarmen naqty júmys isteuimiz kerek. Jastar arasynda senimge iye, paydaly qoghamdyq qyzmetpen ainalysugha dayyn kóshbasshylardy tartu. Memleket jastardy júmyspen qamtu, bilim beru jәne oqytu salasynda birqatar manyzdy jobalardy iske asyruda. Biraq, әleumettik saualnama nәtiyjesi kórsetkendey, jastardyng kópshiligi olar turaly eshtene bilmeydi. Múnday jaghdaydy batyl ózgertu kerek», - dep atap ótti Qasym-Jomart Toqaev.

Qazaqstandaghy  jastargha uaqytpen qatar adymdaytyn qanday sayasaty qajet?

Jastar sayasaty ýnemi ózgeristerge múqtaj ekendigi eshkimge eshqashan dau tudyrghan emes.  Qazirgi qazaq qoghamyna elimizdegi jastardyng әlemdik trendterin eskeruge tura kelip otyrghany da jasyryn emes, qayta ómir shyndyghy. Búl turaly otandyq sarapshylar týrli qisyndaghy oilaryn júrt talqysyna saludan tayynghan joq.

Psihologtar jastardyng sanasyna әser etetin әlemdik manyzdy trendterding biri - otbasy institutynyng әlsireui dep sanaydy. Statistika birinshi balanyng tuuy jәne nekege túru jasynyng aitarlyqtay tómendegenin aldymyzgha tarta bastady. Búl urbanizasiya men jas әielderding mansap qúrugha degen qúlshynysy endi otbasy institutyna әser etetinin kórsetedi. Bәlkim, neke qii mәselesine adamdar sanaly týrde qaraytyn shyghar.

Búny zardapty da, teris trend dep sanaugha bolmaydy. Bizge búl únaydy, óitkeni otbasy qúrudyng aldynda myqty qarjylyq irgetas qalaushylyqqa talpynu maqtaugha túrarlyq. Búdan basqa, qogham, әsirese qalalarda dәstýrli emes otbasylargha neghúrlym tózimdi bola týsude. Jalghyz ghana ata-anasy bar otbasylar kóbeye bastady. Ayta keterlik jayt, bala tuudan sanaly týrde bas tartqan kezde oryn alatyn jayt: child-free qazaqy sanadaghy adamdardy tang qaldyrady. Sonday-aq, sanaly jalghyz ómirge negizdelgen sologamiyany tandaghan adamdar da bar. Batystan bizdegi orys tildi әleumettik ortada endi-endi beleng ala bastaghan child-free pen sologamiya ýrdisi ózine nazar audartyp, jastardy búl qaterli ýrdisten aryltu ýshin biylik pen ýkimet tarapynan últtyq qúndylyqtargha negizdelgen tәlim-tәrbie baghdarlamalary jasalugha tiyis. Jalpy, Qazaqstandaghy múnday trendter halyqtyng qartangyna alyp kelui mýmkin, búghan qogham da, biylik te dayyn boluy tiyis.  - deydi otandyq psihologtar.

Sarapshy sonday-aq jastardyng tamaq ishu mәdeniyeti ózgergenin problema retinde dabyl qaghyp, últtyq qater retinde algha tarta bastady. Qalalyq jerlerdegi otbasylyq basqosularda olar ýnemi jenil tamaqtanudy artyq kórip, tapsyryspen tamaq aldyryp auqattanudy hosh kóredi. Jalpy, jastar ózderining әke-shesheleri siyaqty emes, jedeldetilgen batystyq formatta ómir sýredi. Bir sózben aitqanda olardyng әlemi smartfondardaghy suretter siyaqty jyldam ózgeriske týsedi. Jastar jalpaq tabandy ynghayly ayaq kiyim kiyip, sportpen shúghyldanady jәne barlyq nәrsede әmbebaptylyqqa úmtylady.

Atap aitar bolsaq, qazaq dәstýrinde tamaqtanu әrqashan ýlken mәnge iye.  Jәnede últtyq qúndylyqtargha negizdelgen tәrbiyelik baghyt-baghdargha arqa sýieydi. Alysqa barmay, mysal ýshin aitar bolsaq, otbasy mýsheleri barlyq ýy iyelerining jinaluyn әrqashan kýtken. Tamaqqa tek otbasynyng ýlkeni nemese әkesi qol salghannan keyin ghana kirisuge bolady. Biz búl arada  asylghan etting kәdeli mýshelerin tuysqandar arasynda bólu dәstýri turaly aitpaymyz. Qazir jastar ýshin uaqyt tym tapshy. Sol sebepti olardyng arqany kenge salyp, úzaq týski asqa, shay ishuge uaqyttary mýldem joqqa tәn. Olar kez kelgen jerde tamaq iship, internet arqyly tamaq jetkizuge tapsyrys bere alady. Búl janadan ómir saltymyzgha engen ghadetti jaman dep esepteuge bolmaydy. Óitkeni, búl uaqyt talaby shyghar. Biraq birynghay dastrahan otbasyn biriktiru, tuystyq baylanystar men dәstýrlerdi nyghaytu tәsili retinde keybir otbasylarda óz manyzdylyghyn birtindep joghaltyp bara jatqany qynjyltady. Sondyqtan agha buyn jastardy ótkenge kýl shapshaugha ýnemi ýndep otyruy kerek. jәne búl memlekettik jastar sayasatynyng ózekti salasyna ainalghany da teris bolmyady. Últtyq tamaqtanu dәstýrin jadydan últ ta, biylik te shygharmauy qajet.

Ekonomisterde memleketting jastargha qatysty ústanugha tiyis sayasattaryna qatysty óz pkirleri men oilaryn jariya ete bastady. Jastar arasynda startaptardy qúru men frilans-qyzmetter naryghynyng ósu trendi búl orayda kóp nәrsege kózimizdi ashady. Kishkentay kezinen jelide «ómir sýruge» ýirengen jas úrpaq ózin jahandyq әlemning bir bóligi retinde sezinedi jәne ózin-ózi iske asyrudyng shekarasynyng shekteulshi emestigin jan-tәnimen sezinedi. Osy  ózin jahandyq әlemning bir bóligi retinde sezinetin hәm ózin-ózi iske asyrudyng shekarasynyng shekteulshi emestigin jan-tәnimen sezintin jastardy memleket tarapynan týrlinshe qoldau jasau kýn tәrtibinde túr.

Qazirgi jastar barlyq jaghynan da bostandyqty baghalaydy. Búl orayda Qazaqstandaghy 2 mln ózin-ózi júmyspen qamtyghandardyng basym bóligi – jastar ekenin este ústaugha tiyispiz. Olar ýnemi óz betimen ýirenu barysynda  iygeretin kәsipteri men qyzmet salasyna qyzyghushylyqtary óte tez ózgertedi. Áke-shesheleri siyaqy jaghdayyna qaramay, qaryzgha belshesinen batyp, pәter satyp almaydy. Qarjylyq jaghdayyn bayyptap, memleket úsynyp otyrghan ipotekalyq baghdarlamalargha esh qyzyghushylyq tanytpaydy. Kórpesine qaray kósilip, tek jalgha alynghan túrghyn ýide ómir sýrudi jón kóredi. Ári búl qadamgha óz otany Qazaqstanda emes, kóp jaghdayda ózge damyghan elde barudy qúp sanaydy. Búl mәselening bir jaghy bolsa, ekinshi jaghynan, jastar arasyn dendep jaylaghan salyq tólemeytin kólenkeli tabys mәselesin memleket tarapynan sheshu manyzdy degendi ekonomister oryndy sóz etip keledi. Búl jastarymyzdyng adal enbek etuge degen Batystyq biznestik ómir saltynyng bizde de ornyghuyna negiz bolady.

Áleumettanushylarymyzda jastar sayasatyna qatysty óz pkirlerin júrt arasyna keninen tarata bastady. Búl últ bolyp qúlaq týrerlik dýniye. Jastar ýshin onlayn-orta kәdimgi ómir salty bolyp tabylady. Sondyqtan olardyng basym kópshiligi baghdarlamalau tilderin, beyne-kontent jasau tәsilderin, әleumettik jelilerdi jýrgizudi jete mengeruge tyrysady. Búl olardy ózine tәnti etedi. Jastar ýshin didjitalizasiya - ýirenshikti ghadet. Sondyqtan, býkil qogham bolyp, attandap, jastardyng smartfondaryn alyp qong nemese internette az uaqyt ótkizudi talap etu paydasyz da, bekershilik dýniye. Onda tek oiyn-sauyq qana emes, qúrdastarymen qarym-qatynas, bilim, kәsibiylikting ósui jәne jalpy alghanda әlemdik progresti anyqtaytyn barlyq nәrse bar ekendigin jastar sayasatymen ainalasushylar ýnemi esterine ústap, soghan ynghaylanyp beyimdeluge tiyis.

Jogharyda sóz etkenimizdey, qazaqstandyq jastar әrtýrli jәne bir-birinen týbegeyli erekshelenetin týrli toptardan túrady. Endi elimizde tek birynghay batys mәdeniyeti ghana emes, sonymen qatar kәris, japon jәne qytay mәdeniyeti de tanymaldylyqqa ie bolu ýstinde. Múnyng sebebi - býkil әlemde k-ror, aniyme-serialdar, manga komiksterining taraluynan tuyndap otyr. Búl orayda, әsirese, Ontýstik Koreyanyng kreativti ekonomika ónimderining tanymaldyghy koreyalyq ónerkәsiptik tauarlargha - kosmetikagha, kiyimge, tamaq ónimderine, juu qúraldaryna jәne gigiyena qúraldaryna qyzyghushylyq tudyratyny da ras. Búl jastar sayasatynda ýkimet pen biylik eskeruge tiyis bir dýnie degimiz keledi.

Ekinshi jaghynan, Qazaqstanda islamdanu ýrdisi qaryshty qadammen ósip keledi. Oraza ústau, meshitke baru, qayyrymdylyq úiymdaryn úiymdastyru, sonday-aq mektepterde hidjab kiyip jýru qozghalysynyng artuy islamdanugha  degen úmytylystyng nәtiyjesin kórsetedi. Damyghan elderde dindarlyq tómendep keledi jәne osy túrghydan alghanda biz osy әlemdik trendten artta qalamyz. Ómir sýru dengeyi tómendegen jerde dindarlyq ósedi dep esepteledi. Qazirgi tanda Ortalyq Aziya elderinde jastar arasynda dinge degen qyzyghushylyqtyng artqanyn kórip otyrmyz, onda meshitter salynyp jatyr, kóptegen azamattardyng qatysuymen diny merekeler atalyp ótilude. Búl trendti elemeuge bolmaydy dep oilaymyn. Bir jaghynan, dinge senushilerding qúqyqtary men bostandyqtaryn búzugha jol beruge bolmaydy, ekinshi jaghynan - memleketimizding zayyrlyghy, toleranttylyq, barlyq dinder men konfessiyalardy qúrmetteu qaghidattaryn saqtau kerek, - deydi sosiologtarymyz óz zertteuleri men taldaularynda.

Jastar sayasatyndaghy taghy bir problema NEET sanatyna kiretin jastar toby bolyp tabylady. Olar eshqayda júmys istemeytin jәne oqymaytyn adamdar sanatyna jatady. Búghan әleumettanushy ghalymdarymyz kәsiptik baghdarlaudyng әlsizdigi yqpal etedi dep esepteydi. Sol sebepti, ektepter men kolledjderding týlekteri ózderine sәikes kelmeytin mamandyqtardy tandaydy da keyinen ómirlik ókinishke úrynady.

Osy orayda bizding aitpaghymyz jastar tarapynan mamandyqty tandaugha óte jii ata-analar, pedagogtar әser etedi. Ata-analar, pedagogtar jas adamnyng neni qalaytyna qúlaq aspaydy da, óz pikirin ashyp aituyna esh jol bermeydi. Kerisinshe, qanday da bir mamandyqqa degen súranystyng barlyghy jәne bitirgennen keyin alatyn joghary jalaqy turaly aityp miyn shiritip qoldaryna beredi. Bitirgennen keyin júmys tabu tappauy eshkimning basyn qatyrmaydy. Tek sony ghana oqu kerek pe, oqu kerek degen ústanym ghana jas jigit pen qyzdyng miyna siniriledi. Nәtiyjesinde oqu ornynda oqityn adam ýshin oqu jyldary zayalyqpen ótedi de, al oqudy bitirgeni turaly alynghan qújaty esh jerge jaramsyz bolyp qala beredi. Kәsiptik baghdarlaushylardyng pikirinshe kóbine qazaq últyna tәn ghadet enbek naryghynda talap etilmeytin mamandyqty tandau tragediyasy. Aqyp ayaghynda, bitirushi diplom alyp, júmys taba almay, júmyssyzdar qataryn tolyqtyratyndyghyn kәsiptik baghdarlaushylar zaryn qylyp aituda.

Qorytyndylay kele, Qazaqstanda jastardy qoldaudyng jana sharalary belsendi әzirlenip, engizilip jatqanyn atap ótuge bolady. Búl bilim berude, júmysqa ornalasuda, biznes-damuda, túrghyn ýy mәselesinde qoldau kórsetudi, sonday-aq ziyandy әdetterding aldyn aludy qamtidy. Múnday bastamalardyng joghary dengeyde maqúldanuy men qoldauyna ie boluy manyzdy, búl osy problemagha memlekettik dengeyde eleuli kózqarasty bildiredi.

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