Postkenestik kenistiktegi kóptegen elderding tarih oqulyqtarynda Resey anneksiyalanghan aumaqtardaghy halyqtardy ezgen otarshyl memleket retinde kórsetilgen. Múnday qorytyndygha materialdardy zerttegen Resey Ghylym akademiyasynyng (INION RAN) Áleumettik ghylymdar boyynsha ghylymy aqparat institutynyng qyzmetkerleri keldi.

Atap aitqanda, oqulyqtarda Reseyding basyp alynghan aumaqtardaghy halyqtardy basyp-janshyp, olardyng mәdeniyetine núqsan keltirgen otarshyl derjava ekeni jazylghan, dep habarlady RBK agenttigine zertteuding birlesken avtorlarynyng biri Razil Guzaerov. RAN múnday aqparat bolashaqta Reseyge degen teris kózqarastyng qalyptasuyna jәne ksenofobiya men russofobiyanyng ósuine yqpal etui mýmkin dep sanaydy.

INION RAN segizinshi synyptargha arnalghan qazaq tarihy oqulyqtarynda Resey imperiyasy Qazaqstandy ózining әskery jәne ekonomikalyq mýddelerining alany retinde paydalanugha úmtylghan el retinde sipattalghanyn anyqtady.

Ázirbayjanda Kenes ókimetining ornauy halyqty basyp-janshumen jalghasqan әskery basqynshylyq retinde sipattalady. Zamanauy oqulyqtarda Reseyding Qarabaq qaqtyghysyn jasaudaghy rólin atap kórsetedi.

Ózbekstan IIM Akademiyasynyng studentterine arnalghan tarih oqulyghynda da Orta Aziyany Resey imperiyasynyng anneksiyalauy Ózbekstannyng últtyq bolmysyna da, ekonomikasyna da ziyanyn tiygizgenin kórsetedi.

Osynday ústanym Iran men Izrailiding oqulyqtarynda da kezdesedi: Izraili KSRO men Resey imperiyasyn antiysemittik memleketter retinde sipattaydy, al Iran Reseyding sayasaty elding ishki isterine jii aralasady, al Kenes qoldaytyn tarap Iran qoghamyn túraqsyzdandyrugha qyzmet etip, azamattyq soghys qaupin tudyrdy dep sanaydy.

Degenmen, Qyrghyzstan men Tәjikstannyng oqu materialdary Reseyding yqpalyn, әsirese kenestik kezendegi ekonomikalyq jәne bilim berudi damytu jaghdayyn jaqsyraq baghalaydy. Tamyz aiynda Resey Syrtqy ister ministrligi segizinshi synypqa arnalghan armyan tarihy oqulyghyn syngha aldy.

Diplomatiyalyq bólim oqulyqtyng «Shyghys Armeniyanyng Reseyge kýshtep qosyluy» atty taraularynyng birinde 18 ghasyrdyng sony men 19 ghasyrdyng basyndaghy Ontýstik Kavkazdaghy oqighalar búrmalanghan týrde berilgenin atap ótti. Keyin Armeniyanyng Bilim, ghylym, mәdeniyet jәne sport ministrligi Resey Syrtqy ister ministrligi tarapynan syngha úshyraghan tarau jana oqulyqtarda óndeletinin habarlady.

Aytpaqshy, Lenin qaytys bolghannan keyin jәne Stalinning kenestik sayasy Olimpinde kóteriluimen KSRO tarih ghylymy ýshin sayasat sheshushi ról atqara bastady. Endi barlyq tarihy zertteuler kenestik qoghamda nasihattalghan Stalinning tarihy kózqarastarymen tekserile bastady.

Resey tarihyn stalindik týsinuding negizi onyng artta qalu iydeyasy boldy, ol 1931 jyly I Býkilodaqtyq ónerkәsipshiler konferensiyasynda sóilegen sózinde aityldy. Staliyn: «Eski Reseyding tarihy, kezdeysoq, artta qalghany ýshin ýnemi úryp — soghatyn bolghan. Olardy monghol handary úrdy. Olardy týrik bekteri úrdy. Shved feodaldary úryp — soqty. Polyak — litva pandary úrdy. Aghylshyn — fransuz kapitalisteri úrghan eken. Japondyq barondary úryp — soqty. Olardy bәrin úrdy — artta qalghany ýshin. Áskery jaghynan artta qalu ýshin, memleketting artta qaluy ýshin, ónerkәsiptik artta qalu, auylsharuashylyghy artta qalghany ýshin!»

Reseylik ortalyqtandyrylghan memleketting qalyptasuymen stalindik týsindirude «týrikterdin, mongholdardyng jәne basqa da shyghys halyqtarynyng shabuylynan qorghanu» mindeti sheshildi, alayda Reseyding «tehnikalyq jәne ekonomikalyq artta qaluy» XVII ghasyrda da, XVIII ghasyrda da boldy. Alayda, I Petrding jetekshiligimen, «Batystaghy damyghan eldermen júmys istep, әskerdi qamtamasyz etu jәne elding qorghanysyn kýsheytu ýshin zauyttar saluda ýlken enbek sinirdi. Búl artta qalushylyq shenberinen sekiruding bir týri boldy».

1931 jyly Stalin «partiyalyqty lenindik prinsipterine әkelu» silteme jasap, tarih ghylymyndaghy pikirtalastardy toqtatu kerektigin mәlimdedi, óitkeni búl partiyagha ziyan tiygizedi. 1930 jyldardyng basynan bastap 1920 jyldary payda bolghan kenes tarihshylarynyng belsendi synyna kirisedi. 1932 jyly Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining bilim salasyndaghy reformalardyng bastaluy turaly sheshimi jariyalandy, bastauysh jәne orta mektepterde oqytudyng jana baghdarlamasy qabyldandy, «tariyh» pәni qalpyna keltirildi. 1934 jyly mektepterde azamattyq tarihty oqytu turaly jarlyq qabyldandy.

Mәskeu men Leningradta tarihy fakulitetterdi qalpyna keltiru qajettiligi turaly mәsele tuyndady. 1936 jyly uniyversiytetterde klassikalyq bilim qalpyna keltirildi. Stalinning ózi KSRO tarihy men әlem tarihy boyynsha jana oqulyqtardyng jazyluyn jeke ózi qadaghalady. 1934 jyly oqulyqtar konkursyna úsynylghan jobalardy qarastyratyn komissiya qúryldy.

Nәtiyjesinde, barlyq oqulyqtar paydasyz dep tabyldy, óitkeni olarda úly túlghanyng róli manyzdy baghalanbady (Ivan III, Ivan IÝ, Petr I, Ekaterina II, Leniyn, Staliyn, Chapaev, Shors jәne basqalary). Sayasy qate oqulyqtardyng avtorlary sottaldy.

1930 j. Stalin men Gorikiyding jeke redaktory bolghan Azamat soghysy turaly kóp tomdyq júmys jazu jónindegi komissiya júmys istey bastady. Stalin kenestik tarihy ghylymgha engizdi — tarihty «úly túlgha» arqyly tarihty týsindirude bolady eken. Kenes tarihshylaryna stalindik ýkimetting kezinde múraghatqa barugha tyiym salyndy, ol 1930 — shi jyldardyng ekinshi jartysynda NKVD — ning baqylauyna ótti.

Stalin «VKP (b) tarihy.

Qysqa kurs» degen enbegine sýiene otyryp, ol 1937 jyly jaryq kórdi. «Qysqa kurs» KSRO tarihyn VKP (b) — SOKP  tarihymen baylanystyrdy.
Stalindik «VKP (b) tarihy. Qysqa kurs» endi tarihy oqighalardy qalay týsindiruge bolatyndyghy naqty kórsetti. Osy kitapta stalindik dogmalary jәne polemika men pikirtalastardy qabyldamauy, kenestik tarihtyng qara — aq kórinisi, kelispeushilikke qarsy nasihat engizildi.

Endi otandyq tarih ekige bólindi: 1) 1917 jylgha deyin, búl halyq qanaushylyqqa úshyraghan tómen tarih (nepolnosennaya istoriya); 2) 1917 jyldan keyin, tolyqqandy tarih (polnosennaya istoriya), bolishevikterding biylikke kelui jәne әlemdegi alghashqy sosialistik memleket — KSRO qúru.

Eske salayyq, II dýniyejýzilik soghys jyldarynda E. Bekmahanov — qazaq kórnekti tarihshy M. S. Pankratovamen birge 1943 jyly jaryq kórgen Qazaq KSR tarihyn jazdy. Búl kitap KSRO — da últtyq tarih turaly alghashqy irgeli ghylymy enbek boldy. Sonymen qatar Bekmahanov óz betinshe taghy bir enbek jazuda júmys jasady — búl «XIX ghasyrdyng 20 — 40 jyldaryndaghy Qazaqstan». 1946 jyly ol búl júmysty KSRO Ghylym akademiyasy Tarih institutynyng Ghylymy kenesine qorghaugha úsynyp, 1947 jyly ony jeke kitap etip shygharady. Júmys orys otarlauynyng alghashqy kezenderindegi Qazaqstandaghy últ — azattyq qozghalystargha arnaldy.

Osy zertteulerde Bekmahanov aldymen patshalyq Reseyding otarlau sayasatyna qazaqtyng qarsylyghyn tәuelsizdik ýshin kýres dep sipattady, al qaruly kóterilisterding basshysy Kenesary Qasymovty kenestik resmy iydeologiyagha qayshy, últtyq kósem retinde kórsetti. Kóp úzamay, búl kitapqa teris pikir A. I. Yakovlev – orys jәne kenes tarihshy berdi. Pankratova dereu jauap berdi. Ol KSRO Ghylym akademiyasy Tarih institutynda arnayy jinalys ótkizdi.

Sonday — aq, Almatydan kelgen ókil H.Aydarova qatysty. Aydarova Bekmahanovtyng júmysyna  qarsy shyqty. Onyng sózinen ýzindi:

«… Kenesaranyng jәne onyng shenberining qyzmeti — feodaldyq monarhistik últshyldyqtyng belgisi, ol últtyq sipatqa ie bolmady, sondyqtan Kenesary qozghalysyn jalpyúlttyq progressivti últ — azattyq qozghalysy dep baghalaghan avtor (Bekmahanov) is jýzinde burjuaziyalyq feodaldyq kózqarastyng әseri».

Bekmahanov, atap aitqanda N. Drujiniyn, M. Vyatkin siyaqty kórnekti orys — kenes tarihshylary qorghaugha tyrysty. Olardyng bәri osy júmystyng qúndylyghy turaly aitty. 1946 jyly júmysyn jetildirip, Bekmahanov ony KSRO Ghylym akademiyasynyng ghylymy kenesine úsyndy. Sol jyly ol «HIH ghasyrdyng 20 — 40 — jyldaryndaghy Qazaqstan» taqyrybynda doktorlyq dissertasiyany tamasha qorghady, onda taghy bir bólim Kenesary Qasymovqa arnalghan edi.

Uaqyt óte kele búl kitap tóniregindegi pikirtalastar toqtaghan joq. Al 1948 jyly Almatyda Qazaq KSR Ghylym akademiyasynda 5 kýnge sozylghan pikirtalas ótti. Búl pikirtalastyng stenogrammasy 552 bet boldy. Olar keybir ghalymdardyn, әsirese qazaqstandyqtardyng Bekmahanovtyng shygharmalaryn jong ýshin shabuyl jasaghandyghy turaly kuәlandyrady.

1950 jyly «Pravda» gazetinde Bekmahanovtyng shygharmashylyghy turaly maqala jariyalandy. Sol jyldyng 16 qantarynda ony partiya qatarynan shygharyp, uniyversiytetten shyghardy. Bir aptadan keyin ol barlyq ghylymy dәrejeler men ataqtardan aiyryldy. Biraq ol kýresudi jalghastyrdy, óitkeni onyng artynda әieli men kishkentay balalary bolghan. Bekmahanovqa auyl mektebinde sabaq beruge rúqsat alu ýshin әrtýrli organdardyng tabaldyryghyn tozdyrugha tura keldi. Aldymen ol Almaty oblysynyng Narynkól audanyna jiberildi. Sodan keyin olar Jambyl oblysynyng Shu audanyndaghy Novotroisk auylyna kóshti.

1952 jyly 5 qyrkýiekte Bekmahanov Novotroisk auylynda tútqyndalyp, Almatygha әkelindi. Tergeu ýsh ay boyy jýrgizildi. Ermúhandy qorqytyp, ýnemi qysym kórsetip otyrdy jәne Q. Sәtpaev pen M. Áuezovti qorlaudy talap etti.

Yaghni, HH ghasyrdyng 50 -shi jyldarynyng basynda Stalinning basqaruymen KSRO — da patshalyq Reseyding otarshyldyghyn qaruly kýres arqyly óz tәuelsizdigi ýshin kýresken halyqtargha qarsy aqtau boyynsha keng kólemdi nauqan bastaldy.

Ataqty batys tarihshysy Solomon Shvars jazghanday: «… Kenes Odaghynda tarih ghylymyna qarsy shabuyl bastaldy. Kommunistik partiya «obektivtilik pen kosmopolitizmge qarsy kýreste» birinen song biri jeniske jetedi. Kenes tarihshylarynyng eng songhy mindeti — imperiyalyq otarshyldyqty qalpyna keltiru. Búl jaghdayda olar Batys elderining otarlau sayasatynan «betperdelerdi alyp tastau» baghytynda júmysty jandandyrugha mәjbýr boldy. Jogharyda aitylghandargha baylanysty «shyghystanushylar» dep atalatyndar býginde ýlken nazar audaruda.

Olardyng zertteu aumaghy basqa elderding «shyghystanushylaryna» qaraghanda ýlken, óitkeni ol tek Ontýstik — Shyghys Aziyagha ghana emes, Tayau jәne Qiyr Shyghysta ghana emes, sonymen birge Kenes Kavkazy men Ortalyq Aziyany da qamtidy. Jaqynda búl sala KSRO Ghylym akademiyasy shygharghan «Voprosy istorii» — eng basty tarihy jurnalynyng betterinde jii talqylandy. Mysaly, 1949 jylghy sәuirde «Kenestik shyghystanushy tarihshylardyng kezek kýttirmeytin mindetteri turaly» maqalada bylay aityldy:

«Onshyl sosialister býginde órkeniyetti boluy kerek, damymaghan halyqtardyng arasynda últtyq tәuelsizdikke kezeng — kezenimen kóshu ýshin Britandyq, Fransuzdyq jәne Amerikandyq otarlaushy jýieler ayasynda jaghday jasaluda jәne jasalyp jatyr degen mifti tolyghymen joqqa shygharu kerek. Búl Britan biyligining Ýndistangha mәdeniyeti men órkeniyetin emes, kedeylik, ashtyq jәne ólim — jitimge tyiym salatynyn kórsetti. Britandyq biylikti iydealizasiyalau tendensiyasyn progressivti batys tarihshylarynyng keybir enbekterinde bayqaugha bolady, olar eshqanday týrde jatpaydy».

Sonymen, Stalin óz paydasyna men ynghayyna orys men kenes tarihyn qoldandy. Ol Aleksandr Nevskiyge kerek kezde paydanaldy. Stalin — kenes / orys biyleushisi bolghandyqtan, ol Ivan Susaninning beynesin qalay qoldanghanyn, solay odaqtas respublikalardy Mәskeuge tolyqtay baghyndyrugha paydalandy. Stalin I Petrdi qalay qalpyna keltirdi, ony reformator retinde úsyndy, ony elding modernizasiyasynda halyqtyq resurstardy qoldanudyng alghashqy mysal retinde kórsetti. Ol búryn — sondy aqtalmaghan Ivan Groznyidy aqtady, onyng kýzetshilerdi/oprichnikterdi progressivti әsker dep atady. Bolishevikterding Býkilodaqtyq Kommunistik partiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining sheshimimen oprichninanyng aqtaluy Stalin ózining repressiyalyq sayasatyn aqtaugha jәne qorghaugha tyrysty.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, Sәken Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

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