Ile alqaby – Jetisu ónirning ózindik erekshelikke ie bir ekologiyalyq bólegi. Tarihta «Jetisu óniri» dep Ile, Qaratal, Aqsu, Lepsi, Ayakóz, Shu, Talas qatarly jeti ózenge qatysty aitylghan. Jetisu óniri shyghysta Jonghar qaqpasy men Qas, Kýnes, Tekesten batysta Qorday asuyna, ontýstikte Ystyqkól men Shu ózenning angharynan soltýstikte Alakólge deyin sozylyp jatqan úlan-baytaq ekologiyalyq bólek. Ile ózeni jeti ózenning ishindegi arnasy eng ýlkeni. Sondyqtan da jayshylyqta Ile alqaby, Jetisu óniri dep qatar aityla beredi.

Ile alqaby Qas, Kýnes, Tekes (Ýsharal, Ýshburyl dep te aitylady) ózenderining basynan Ile ózenining Balqash kóline qúighangha deyingi atyraby. Ile alqaby Ile anghary jәne Ile oipatty syndy eki ekologiyalyq bólekten qúralady. Tarihta Jetisu júrty Ile ózeni shyghystan batysqa qaray aghatyndyqtan Ile alqabynyng Qytay teritoriyasyna (Ilening shyghys bólegine) qonystanghan halyqty «Órdegi el» dep ataghan. Tómende Ching ýkimeti 1757 jyly Jonghar býligin tynyshtandyrghannan keyin Úly jýz qúramyndaghy Alban, Suan qatarly elding atajúrtyna qayta oralu ruhqyn tu etip, patshalyq Reseydyng otarlau sayasatyna qarsy túryp, Reseyding qúramyna ótudi qalamay, ata qonysy Ilening shyghys bólegine (órge) qaytadan qonystanu barysyn uaqyt jýlgesi, zamana tolqyndary, sonday-aq odan tuyndaghan qoghamdyq-tarihy ózgerister jýlgesimen tarihy materialdar negizinde zerdelemekpin.

Ile alqaby, Jetisu óniri bizding zamanymyzdan búryn-aq Ýisinderding atamekeni bolghany tarihtan belgili. Bertingi Shaghatay handyghy, Mogholstan handyghy dәuirinde de Ile alqaby, Jetisu óniri Ýisin elining taypalar odaghynyng mekeni bolghanyn bәrimiz bilemiz. XVI ghasyrdyng sonynda derbes ómir sýru quatynan aiyrylghan Mogholstan jerining kóp bólegi jongharlardyng iyeligine ótti. Jonghar handyghy kýsheygen son, jonghar aqsýiekteri auyr qolmen Altay, Tarbaghatay, Jetisu óniri men Ile alqabyn, Ystyqkól men Syr boyyndaghy Shyghys pen Batysqa aty mashhúr sauda qalalaryn basyp aldy. Jonghar aqsýiekteri ordasyn Qobyqsarydan Ile angharyna jótkedi. Sonymen býtin Ile alqaby XVII-XVIII ghasyrlarda mólshermen 200 jyl ainalasynda jonghar aqsýiekterining sayasi, ekonomika jәne mәdeniyet ortalyghyna ainaldy.

Alban, Suan elining ata qonysy Ile angharyna qayta oraluy

Mólsherimen XVII ghasyrdyng orta sheninde jongharlar Ile alqabyn jaulap alghan song Alban elining bir bólegi Ile alqabynan bir mezet ontýstiktegi Qaratau, Qazyqúrt, Shymkent, Tәshkent ónirine qonys audarghany tarihtan belgili. 1757 jyly Ching ýkimeti jongharlardyng býligin tynyshtandyrghan son, sol elding kóp bólegi Jetisu ónirine, Ilening batys alqabyna qayta oralghan, az bir bólegi ata qonysqa orala almay Ontýstik ónirde qalyp qoyghan. Al Alban elining taghy bir bólegi Ile ózenining ong qanatyna yaghny qazirgi Taldyqorghan ónirine (Jetisudyng soltýstigine) qonys audarghan dep te aitylyp jýr. «Ile dariyasynyng ontýstik ónirindegi Alatau aimaqtary týgeldey jongharlardyng qolyna ótken son, ondaghy halyqtardy qyryp-joyyp tastaghannan keyin, syrghiy-syrghy Ilening ong jaq qanatyna oiysqan-dy. XVII ghasyrdyng orta sheninde osy bosaghan oryndargha jonghar feodaldarynyng bir talayy kelip qonystana bastaydy. Jongharlar Alatau baurayynan týpkilikti túraq tepken son, úzaq jyldar boyy bauyryna basyp bosatpay kelgeni beseneden belgili... Qazaqtar andyz-andyz Balqashtyng shól, qúmdauyt qúrghaq dalasy men jonghar Alataunyng qoynau-qoltyqtarynda birlesip, úilyghysyp ómir sýrgen-di». («Albandar», Jәlel Aydarqanúly, Almaty, Anarys baspasy, 2012 jyl, 41-bet). Jetisu óniri, Ile alqabynda qazirge deyin saqtalghan mongholsha jer-su attarynan sol bir almaghayyp zamannyng ashy shyndyghyn kóruge bolady.

Jonghar býligi tynyshtandyrylghan son, qazaqtar ózderning atamekeni – Ile, Tarbaghatay, Altay ónirine batystan shyghysqa qaray qoghamdyq tarihi, sayasy jaghdaylardyng jar beruimen qaytadan qonystanghan. Qazaqtardyng atamekenine qayta oraluy beyne Úbashynyng torghauyttardy bastap Volga boyynan atajúrtyna qayta oralghanyna úqsas bir retki tarihy sipatty otanshyldyq qozghalys dep kesip aitugha bolady.

1757 jyly Ching ýkimeti jongharlardy tynyshtandyrghannan keyin, qazaqtyng bir bólim ru-taypalary ishke qaraugha niyet bildirgen, Ching ýkimeti de qazaqtardyng jongharlardyng búrynghy jaylymdaryna kirip mal baghuyna rúqsat etken. Sonymen patshalyq Resey shapqynshylyghyna deyin bir bólim qazaq ru-taypalary Balqash kólining shyghysy men ontýstigi, Tarbaghatay, Zaysang ónirinde Ching handyghy qarauyly tónireginde kóship-qonyp mal baqqan. Sondaghy negizgi ru-taypalar: «Zaysannyng batysyndaghy Múryn ruy, Zaysannyng soltýstigindegi Qarakerey ruy, Tarbaghataygha jaqyn jerdegi (keyingi patshalyq Reseyding Lepsi audany) Bәijigit ruy, Qyzay ruy. Qaratal ózeni angharyndaghy Jalayyr ruy, Altyn-Emil taunyng eki qaptalynda sonday-aq Sharyn ónirinde kóship-qonyp jýrgen Alban ruy jәne Sharyn ózenning batysynan Balqashqa deyin, Ile ózenning ontýstiginen Alataugha deyin kóship-qonyp jýrgen Dulattar». («Venikov shygharmalary», Maly man audarghan, «Jonghar shegarasyndaghy túrghyndardy tekseru», «Shynjang uniyversiyteti ghylymy jurnaly», 1980 jyl, 3-san). Ching handyghynyng songhy mezgilinde aluan týrli sebepter saldarynan osylardyng ishindegi Alban, Suan qatarly ru-taypalar atamekeni Ile ónirine qayta oraldy.

«Qazaqtyng Ýisin taypasynyng qazaqtary sol XVIII ghasyrdyng 60-jyldarynyng songhy kezinde-aq Ile ónirine kóship kele bastaghan» («Tarihy etnografiyalyq zertteuler», Jaqyp Myrzaqanúly, Ile halyq baspasy, 138-bet). Alban men Suannyng Ile alqabynyng batys bólegine qayta oraluy 1750 jyldardyng orta sheninde, Ching handyghy ýkimeti jongharlardy tynyshtandyrghannan keyin-aq bastalghan. Abylay han zamanynan beri qaray Úly jýzding Alban, Suan taypalary Ile alqabynyng batysynan shyghysyna – Kýnes basy, Júldyzgha deyin mal otarlatyp atamekenge qayta orala bastaghan. «Sol tústa Shyghysqa qonys audarghan negizgi rular – Úly jýzding Alban, Suan rulary Ile ózenin órley jyljyp kóship otyrghan...». («Ching patshalyghy kezindegi qazaq halqy», Nәbijan Múqametqanúly, Ile halyq baspasy, 120-bet).

Ching patshalyghy ordasy 1805 jyly shegara qorghanys úlyqtaryna: «Búrynghy Chiyanlúng patshanyng 60-jylghy (1795 jyl) jyljymaly qarauyldyng ishki jaghyndaghy birneshe on shaqyrym jer qazaqtardyng qystauyna bekitilsin. Sonymen birge olardyng talaby boyynsha ýlkendi-kishili qarauyldyng syrtyndaghy jýz neshe týtin qonystanatyn jer qazaqtardyng qystaulyghy men kýzeuligine berilsin. Osy arqyly bizding olargha qaratqan qayyrymdylyghymyzdy bildiru kerek» dep búiryq týsirgen. («Ching patshalyghy Ryn zúng patshasynyng orda esteligi», qytaysha qoljazba núsqasy, 139-tom, 20-21-better). Mine osynday qayyrymdylyq sayasatty sezingen qazaqtar qarauyldyng tóniregine qonystanady, tipti qarauyldyng ishindegi búrynghy atamekenderine oraluy da barghan sayyn tezdegen. Ching ýkimeti qazaqtardan bajy (salyq) alu týzimin jolgha qoyghan.

Alayda, 1854 jyly patshalyq Reseyding shapqynshy armiyasy Jetisugha kirip, qazirgi Almatyny basyp alyp, onyng atyn Verny dep ózgertip, oghan kazak-orystardan qúralghan qaruly әskerlerdi ornalastyrady. Ári qazaqtardyng shúrayly jerlerin iyemdenip alyp, qazaq malshylarynan auyr alman-salyq jinady. Olardyng ezgisnen 1860 jyldargha tayaghanda qarauyl syrtyndaghy qazaqtar dýrkin-dýrkin qarauyldyng ishindegi jerlerge óte bastady. Shohan Ualihanovtyng estelikterine qaraghanda, Jetisudaghy Alban rulary Ile, Tekes angharlaryna 1858 jyldan bastap keng auqymdy aua bastaghan. «1862 jyly patshalyq Resey elimizding shekara qorghanys әskery bólimderning qalypty barlau jýrgizuine qaruly kýshpen kedergilik jasady jәne qarauyl syrtyndaghy Ching handyghynyng jerlerin zorlyqpen basyp aldy. Osy arany mekendegen qazaq, qyrghyz malshylary patshalyq Reseyge qaraghysy kelmey art-artynan ishke qaray kóshti». («Shynjang qazaqtarynyng qonys audaru tarihy», Últtar baspasy, 1-basylymy, qazaqsha, 439-bet ). Mine osy mezgilde Ilening Shyghys alqabyna Ile alqabynyng batys bólegine qonystanghan Alban, Suan taypalary qarauyldyng syrtynan ishine qadam tastady.

1862 jyly Sauryq Alparúly bastaghan el Tezekke ilesip shar patshagha qaramaytyndyghyn, Ching patshalyghyna qarasty bola beretindigin, ózderi jeti atasynan bastap osy ónirde tirshilik etip kele jatqanyn aityp, al «Tezek búl jerler orystyng jeri, sender orysqa qarandar dep ol bizdi qyspaqqa aldy» dep Ching ýkimetine aryzdanady. («Shynjannyng jerlik tarihy materialdarynan jinaqtar», Shynjang qoghamdyq ghylymdar akademiyasynyng tarih zertteu orny, Halyq baspasy, 1987 jyl 1-ay, 1-basylymy, 444-bet). Ári Ayt-Bozym, Aljan, Segiz Sary rulary atynan Sauryq batyr bas bolyp 12 adam qol qoyyp, barmaghyn basady. Osylardyng ishinde Ching patshalyghy taghayyndaghan bes aqalaqshynyng (bolystyn) aty-jóni hattalghan. Olar: «Nazardyng úly Qojaq aqalaqshy, aqalaqshy Qabanbaydyng úly, Jәnibekting úly aqalaqshy Janat, aqalaqshy Týstikbaydyng úly jәne Symayyl aqalaqshy» («Shynjannyng jerlik tarihy materialdarynan jinaqtar», Shynjang qoghamdyq ghylymdar akademiyasynyng tarih zertteu orny, Halyq baspasy, 1987 jyl 1-ay, 1-basylymy, 445-bet). Hattamada aqalaqshy әkelerning atynan qol qoyghan eki balanyng aty jazylmaghan. 1871 jyly patshalyq Resey Ileni basyp alghan son, Iledegi Ile general mekemesine qaraytyn bes aqalaqshy Alban elin ózderning el basqaru erejesi boyynsha ýsh bolys el etip qaytadan úiymdastyrghan. Sol kezde Ayt-Bozym ruyna Jeten Búqabayúly, Qonyrbórik ruyna Esber Basshaúly, Segiz Sary ruyna Atanbek bolys bolypty.

«1862 jyly Ile ózenning ontýstik jaghalauyna qonystanghan qazaq pen qyrghyz últtarnyng malshylary art-artynan qarauyl ishine kóship keldi... 6-aydyng 24-kýni qazaq últynyng elbasy Sauryq bastaghan kóp adamdar qarauyl ishine kóship kelip mal baghudy ótinedi. Olar Ile qolbasyna tabys etken 12 ru basynyng barmaq taby (móri) basylghan bir parsha qaghazda: «Biz jeti atamyzdan beri qaray úly patsha aghzamnyng jerinde kóship-qonyp jýrgeli 140 jyldan asty. Al býgin orystar jerimizdi óziniki dep bizden tartyp almaqshy. Bizdi orystargha baghynyndar deydi, biz baghynbaymyz. Býgin qarauyl ishine kirip, shashymyzdy qyrqyp tastap kettik...». («Shynjang jergilikti tarihy», 166-167-better). Sauyryq, Bóden batyrlar bastaghan qazaq jasaqtary Kýnes basy Júldyzda Búrby әmbynyng basyn alyp, ordasyn shabumen Ile alqabyndaghy qazaq pen jonghar ortasyndaghy ýlken kólemdi qaqtyghystar osymen ýzil-kesil aqyrlasady. Ching handyghynyng estelikterinde 1862 jyldan bastap Sauyryq, Bóden batyrlar bastaghan 400 den astam otbasy Kýnes ózenning basynda, Júldyz saharasynda kóship-qonyp, mal baghyp jýrgeni qatirelengen. Kýnestegi qazirgi kóptegen jer-su attaryn Sauyryq batyrdyng qoyghanyn bilemiz. «Búl ret kelgen qazaq rulary – Ayt-Bozym, Aljan Segiz Sary bolatyn. Múnan basqa da orystardyng aidauyna kónbey, izgi niyetimen ishke qaraghandar ýzdiksiz kóship kele berdi. Ile shonjary Úly jýz qazaqtarnyng Aljan ruyna Ile ózenning soltýstigindegi Qorghas qalashyghynan bastap Qúljanyng shyghysyna deyin jәne Ilening ontýstiginen asyp baryp qonystanuyna jol berdi». («Shetelderge qatysty isterding bir jayly etilu barysy», Túnjy patsha bólimi, 8-tom, 66-bet). Taghy da osy Sauryq batyrlardyng jershil ruhy turaly Ching handyghynyng estelikterinde bylay qatirelengen: «1863 jyly 9-ayda qazaq últynan shyqqan Sauryq pen onyng rulastary qyrghyzdyng 12 atamanymen uәdelesip, elge adal bolu ýshin patyshalyq Resey shapqynshylaryna batyl qarsy túru bekimin bildirip, qoy, jylqy siyaqty jylu berip, ýkimet armiyasyn qamtamasyz etti».(«Shynjang qazaqtarnyng qonys audaru tarihy», Beyjin, Últtar baspasy, 199-200-better). Ching handyghynyng estelikterinde Ile jәne onyng tóniregindegi kóshpelilerding patshalyq Resey azamattyghyn qabyldaghysy kelmey 1872 jyly qarauyldyng ishine ótkendigi, 1878 jyly taghy da neshe myng qazaq, qyrghyz malshylarnyng Ilening shegara ónirlerinen Tiyanishaninyng orta bólegindegi mongholdardyng mal sharuashylyq rayony Júldyz saharasyna kóship barghandyghy, Ching handyghynyng qatysty úlyqtarnyng olargha osy jerde mal baghugha rúqsat etkendigi qatirelengen. («Ching gauzong estelikteri», 762-buma).

Iliyas Jansýgýrovtyng «Jetisu ólkesin orys aluy» degen maqalasynda: «Jetisugha orystyng irge teuip otyruy 1840 jyldan 1880 jyldardyng basynda boldy... Osy kýngi Ile kópirinen órge qaray Qúljagha sheyin, jeti ózenning eki jaghyn óristep, Úly jýzding Alban, Suany jatushy edi» dep atap kórsetti. «Úly jýz qazaqtarynyng Alban ruynyng Ile ózenning soltýstigine (dúrysy: ontýstigine) ótip baryp qonystanuyna jol qoydy». (IY.V.Babkov: «Batys sibirdegi qyzmetimnen eske alghandarym» 1859-1875 jyldar, Beyjin, 1973 jyl, 1-kitap, 173-bet).

Ónirtanushy Aqay Sayduaqasúlynyng Ilening shyghys bólegine bytyrandy týrde ýzdik-sozdyq qonys audarghan el turaly shejirelik derekterge negizdelip úzaq jyldyq el arasynda qydyryp tekseru arqyly jinaqtap rettegen birinshi qol materialdaryn yqshamdap berudi jón kórdim. Jylqyly bay Shaja Bekmyrza Qaumenúly 1823 jyly óz auylyn bastap, jylqysyn jaya-jaya Kýnes basy Júldyzgha deyin baryp birneshe jyl otarlap, odan qayta ainalyp Tekesting Kóksu ónirine damyldap, 1834 jyly Ýsh Qúshtay ónirine túraqtapty, onan song artta qalghan tuystaryn da kóshirip alypty. Jarty Edige Dónkibayúly degen bay 1830 jyldary óz auyldaryn bastap kóship olarda Ýsh Qúshtaygha túraqtapty. Bazar Daday (keyin aqalaqshy (bolys) bolghan) Aljanbayúlynyng auyly 1840 jyldardan bastap Tekesting Eshkilik tauyn mekendepti, 1862 jylgha kelgende halyq sany artqan song Eshkilikten jótkelip, Qarajon, Kóksu, Qorday, Sholaqterek qatarly jerlerge qonystanypty.(Tekes tarihy materialy, 1-kitap, 108-bet). 1850 jyldary Narat by bastaghan Jarty auyly Tekeske kelip irge teuipti. Shilyózek auyly Aqshy qystaghynyng shyghys jaghynda ózenning qabaghyndaghy aq kýmbezdi 1862 jyly Aghymsary Symayyl degen sazgerge 80 serkeshting mayymen jýnin shylap eskertkish etip túrghyzghan eken. Osy kýmbez arqyly 1860 jyldarda sol jerde otyraqtasqan bir qauym el bar ekenin kóruge bolady. Tekes pen Toghyztaraudy tútastyratyn Sary-Buyrshyn sayy bar, búl saydy mólshermen XIH ghasyrdyng basynda Aghymsary Sary-Baysalúly degen týieli bay adam mekendegen, qauipsizdik ýshin týiening buyrshyndaryn bólip alyp osy saygha baqtyrady eken. Buyrshyndardy kórgen el búl kimdiki dep súraydy. Búl Sarynyng buyrshyndary dep jýrip, uaqyttyng ótuimen búl say «Sarbúrshyn» atalyp ketedi. Jetisu kýishilik mektebining altyn dingegi dәulesker kýishi Qojeke Nazarúly bir qauym eldi bastap Búratala, Tarbaghataydy ainalyp 1863 jyly Ilege keledi, aqyry Tekeske irge teuip, Ýsh Qúshtay ónirin meken etedi. Ór Tekesting Qayyndy-Qarasu degen jerindegi eki jaqtan teng paydalanyp jýrgen Mәnke (keyin aqalaqshy bolghan) Qazanshyúlynyng auyly 1865 jyly qotaryla kóship, Tekesting Shetmys degen jerine kelip birneshe jyl túrypty. Odan song Kýnesting Naratyna baryp on jyl túrypty. Aqyry ainalyp Ýsh Qúshtaygha irge teuipti.

«Biletinimiz, Qojbanbet ruynyng Qosqúlaq atasy ýsh ret dýrkin-dýrkin Ile aimaghyna qonys audarypty, birinshi kóshu kezeni 1859 jyly bastalypty... Onan song ekinshi mәrte kóshui 1860 jyldardyng ishi... Ýshinshi retki kóshu kezeni 1880 jyldardyng birinshi jartysy». («Albandar», Jәlel Aydarqanúly, Almaty, Anarys baspasy, 2012-jyl, 363-bet). 1850 jyldardyng sony 1860 jylydardyng basynda Janseyt Qaumenúly óz qarauyndaghy elderin bastap Ile angharnyng shyghys bólegine qonys audaryp, aqyrynda Tekes ónirine túraqtapty. «Qojbanbet» atty tarihiy-tanymdyq kitapta aityluynsha, HIH ghasyrdyng 50–60-jyldary Janseyt (keyin aqalaqshy bolghan) bas bolyp Qosqúlaqtyng Qarjau atasy 70 ýy mal-janymen biraq órge kóship barghan. Tezek tórening tikeley qysym jasauymen, taghy da Ótepbay, Sýgirbay bastaghan 35 ýy barypty. Olardyng Tekes ózenning soltýstigindegi Mynbúlaq, Aral, Atshabys, Qarajon, Qapsalang ónirine biringhay qonystanghany tarihtan belgili. «Qazaqtyng Alban, Suan rulary Ching patshalyghynyng alghash Guanshúy jylnamalarynan bastap patshalyq Reseyden kóship kelip, Ching ýkimetine baghynghan». («Shynjang qazaqtarnyng qonys audaru tarihy» qytaysha, Ýrimji, Shynjang uniyversiyteti baspasy, 1993 jyl 12-ay, birinshi basylymy, 244-bet). Alayda Ching ýkimeti jonghar býligin tynyshtandyrghannan bastap 1930 jyldargha deyingi ýzdik-sozdyq jalghasyp jatqan halyqtyq kóshi-qondy qúlaghynan tizip týgendeu shyghu mýmkin emes.

1864 jyly jasalghan «Chiyn-Resey batys soltýstik shegarany tekserip aiyru shartynyng erejesinde»: «Búdan keyin osy belgilengen shekara manyndaghy sharualar qonystanghan jerler qaysy elge bólingen bolsa, sol jerdegi adamdar túrghyndar sol jermen birge sol elding basqaruynda bolady» dep belgilengen. («Ching patshalghy kezindegi qazaq halqy», N.Múqamethanúly, qazaqsha 125-bet). Osydan bastap Ching patshalyghy men patshalyq Resey memleketining shegarasy negizinen qalyptasty. Ching patshalyghyna qaraghan ónirde jasaghan qazaqtar Ching patshalyghynyng azamaty boldy da, patshalyq Resey qarmaghyna qaraghan jerdegiler Reseyge tәueldi boldy. Shegara manyndaghy qazaqtardyng qaysy elge qaraytyndyqtaryn tandap alularyna bir jyl uaqyt berildi. Taghy da Resey patsha ýkimeti 1868 jyly qazan aiynda «Jana nizam» jasap, «Jer patshanyng menshiginde, qazaqtar onan tek paydalanu úqyghy ghana bolady» dep jarlyq shygharady. Osydan keyin qazaqtardan bajy ala bastaydy. Sonymen Jetisudaghy qazaq halqy Resey otarshyldaryna qarsy túra bastady.

Otanshyl, últshyl qayratker Tazabek Púsyrmanbayúly (1804-1871 j.) bas bolyp, halyq jasaqtary patshalyq Reseyding qarmaghyna ótudi qalamay, asqaq últshyldyq sezimmen 1865 jyldan bastap Resey otarshyldaryna qarsy kóterilis jasaydy, orys-kazak soldattarynyng ot qaruyna tótep bere almay sәtsizdikke úshyrap, 1870 jyly qysqa salym aqyrynda Ile súltany Álahanmen kelisip, patsha әskerlerning qorshauyn búzyp, 1000 týtindi bastap, Shonjy arqyly Ilening Shyghys ónirine ótip, Toghyztaraudy negiz etip qonystanady. Orystar 1871 jyly qazanda Iledegi halyqqa jan sany sanaghyn jýrgizgende «qazaqtardyng sanyn 22 myng 344 adam» dep jazghan.(«Orta Aziyany baghyndyru tarihy», M.Á.Terentiyev qytay tilinde, Sauda baspasy, 1983 jyly 3-ay, birinshi basylymy 2-bólim, 61-bet). Biraq olar búl jan sany sanaghyn tolyqsyz mәlimet dep qaraghan.

Búl uaqigha shar patsha otarshyldaryna qatty soqqy bolyp tiyedi de, 1871 jyly mamyr aiynyng 8-kýni Ile súltany Álahangha «Tazabekty ústap bir aptada tapsyryp beru» jóninde aqtyq eskertu jaryalaydy. Álahan bas tartqan son, osy uaqighany syltau etip mamyrdyng 15-kýni Ilege shabuyl jasady. Bastabynda Ile angharyndaghy әr últ halqy patshalyq Resey armiyasyna sileyte soqqy berdi, súltan ýkimeti de eng alghash halyq jaqta boldy. Alayda, kóp ótpey Álahan súltan Resey armiyasyna tize býgip, ózining odaqtasy Tazabekti qapyda tútqyndap G.A.Kolpakovskiy generalgha tapsyryp berdi. Satqyn Álahan Bayandaygha baryp G.A.Kolpakovskiy generaldy qol qusyryp qarsy alyp, onyng shapqynshy armiyasyn Qúlja qalasyna bastap kirip ornalastyrady. Tazabekti Qughyndaghan orystyng Kolpakovskiy genaraly 1871 jyly shilde aiynda Tazabekti tútqyndaghan son, ony Almatygha aparyp qamap, sonynan u berip óltiredi. Sonymen patshalyq Resey Ilege 1871 jyldyng shilde aiynan 1882 jyldyng nauyryz aiyna deyin 10 jyl ýstemdik etti. «1871 jyly patshalyq Resey armiyasy shilde aiynda Sýiding jәne Qúlja qalasyn basyp alghan kezde qazaqtyng Qyzay taypasy da bir ret patshalyq Resey armiyasyna sileyte soqqy bergen song Kógirshin tauynan asyp qaytadan Búratala ónirine sheginip ketti». («Shynjannnyng qysqasha tarihy», Shynjannyng qysqasha tarihyn qúrastyru gýrppasy, Shynjang halyq baspasy, 283-284-better).

Álahan súltan ýkimeti kezinde, Resey Ileni otarlap alghan song mongholdyng Olyt, Sahar qatarly taypalarnyng basym kópshiligi Ontýstik jәne Soltýstik ónirlerge jótkelip ketti. Múnda mólshermen 60 súmyn, 120 myng adam Tarbaghatay men Kórqarasu, az bólegi mólshermen 8 myng 500 adam Jetisuding soltýstigine kóship ketti. Al 12 súmyn halyq Júldyz saharasyndaghy mongholdargha kóship ketti. Osynday zor kólemdi jan sany kóship ketkendikten Iledegi bosap qalghan úlan-baytaq mal jaylymy qazaqtardyng iyeligine ótti. («Venikov shygharmalary», Maliman audarghan, «Jonghar shegarasyndaghy túrghyndardy tekseru», «Shynjang uniyversiyteti ghylymy jurnaly», 1980 jyl, 3-san). Ching ýkimeti Ileni qaytaryp alghan son, bytyrap ketken túrghyndardy qaytaryp alyp ornalastyru qyzmetterin istedi, mәselen 1893 jyly (Guanshiyding 9-jyly) Ileden shyghyp ketken Solún, Sibe, Olyt halqynan qyryq, elu myng jan sandy qaytaryp әkeldi. («Shynjannyng qaritaly shejiresi» shejire bólimi, 16-tom, 9-bet). Biraq qaytaryp әkelgen kóshpelilerding sany kóship shyghyp ketken kóshpelilerding sanynan әlde qayda az boldy. Onyng ýstine Ching ýkimeti Ileni qaytaryp alghan song patshalyq Resey Iledegi Alban, Suan qazaqtarnyng basym kópshiligin zorlyqpen kóshirip ketti, sonymen osy bir mezgilde Ilede kóp jaylym bos qaldy... Guanshiyding 25-jylyna (1900 jyly) kelgende «Qyzay, Alban qazaqtary ontýstik, soltýstik, batys tauly ónirlerge bytyray qonystandy, ara qashyqtyghy myng shaqyrym, neshe jýz shaqyrym boldy». («Shynjannyng qaritaly shejiresi» shejire bólimi, 16-tom, 9-bet).

1881 jyly 2-aydyng 24-kýni «Ching - Resey Ile shartyna», 10-aydyng 28-kýni «Ching - Resey Ile shegara toqtamyna» qol qoyyldy. Kelesi jyly nauryz aiynda (1882 jyly 3-ayda) Ilening Shyghys alqabyn Ching patyshalyghyna resmy qaytaryp berdi, Ile generaly Jin shún әskerin bastap Ilege keldi. Kelisim-shart boyynsha Ching - Resey shekara syzyghyn bekitip, shekara qarauyldaryn saldy. Patshalyq Reseyding jandayshaptary әr últ halqyn patshalyq Resey qarastylyghyna kóshuge zorlaydy. Kóshpegenderin әskery kýshpen zorlap kóshiredi. «1881 jyldan 1884 jylgha deyingi tórt jyl aralyghynda patshalyq Reseyding Ileden qaytaryp kóshirip ketken Alban, Suan rularynyng týtin sany 5 myngha jetken».(«HIH ghasyrdyng songhy jartysy, HH ghasyrdyng basynda Ilening Shyghys ónirine qonys audarghan qazaqtar», Baqyt Ejenqanúly Ýrimji, 1987 jyl, 14-bet). 1881-1884 jyldardaghy shegara bólinisi kezinde Ile túrghyndarynan 70 mynday adam Reseyge zorlap kóshirilgen, onyng kóbi úighúrlar men dýngender bolsa, 20 myndayy qazaqtar eken. «Ile boyy, Kýnes, Tekesten kóshirilgen Alban, Suan elderning týtin sany bes myngha jetken». («Ile tarihy materialdary», 19-kitap, 172-bet). Al orys tarihshysy Yu.Baranovanyng derekterinde: «Qorghas pen Altyn-Emil arasyna eki myng ýy Suan, al Ilening ontýstigine ýsh myng ýy Alban kóship keldi» dep kórsetilgen. («Shyghys tanu sektornyng enbekteri», Almaty,1959 jyl, 1-tom). Orys tarihshysy Yu.Baranovanyng jazbasyndaghy sol kezdegi Ile angharyndaghy ýsh bolys el yaghny úsh myng otbasy Alban eli patshalyq Resey qarmaghyna týgel ótip keldi degeni qaghaz betindegi túspal ghana. Mólshermen eki bolystay el kóship, bir bolystay el kóshpey qalghan eken. Tarihy shyndyqqa jýginsek, Ile angharyna bytyrap ketken halyqty jinaugha arnauly sherikter jauapty bolypty, sherikterge jazyqtaghy eldi jinau onay bolghanmen, Tekesting Kóksu, Ýsh Qúshtay, Tegerek, Bozadyr qatarly tauly ónirlerindegi eldi tolyq jinau qiyngha týsipti. Al zorlyqpen kóshirilgen elding bir bólegi soldattardyng kýzeti bosaghan song ýirenshikti jerlerine qayta oralghan eken. «Aynalasy eki-ýsh jyldyng ishinde ketkenderding kóbi Ile aimaghyndaghy ýirenshikti mekenderine myndaghan ýiler kelip ýlgeripti». («Albandar», Jәlel Aydarqanúly, Almaty, Anarys baspasy, 2012-jyl, 368-bet).

Ching ýkimeti Ileni qaytaryp alghan son, 1882 jyldan bastap Ile qazaqtaryna búrynghyday aqalaqshylyq basqaru týzimin jolgha qoyghan. Lay húnbo bylay deydi: «HIHghasyrdyng orta sheninen son, qazaqtar Ilege kóptep kóship keldi. Guanshy patsha jyldarynda Ching patshalyghy ordasy úighúrlardyng bektik týzimine eliktep, qazaqtargha bir tayjy, 4 aqalaqshy, 4 mampan, 24 zәngi, 27 kýnde, 77 elu basy, 4 bas sharlaushy, 27 kishi sharlaushy, jiny 117 mansapty taghayyndady. Qazaqtargha qatysty isterding barlyghy general jambylynyng basqaruynda boldy». (Ile tarihy materialdary, 11 den 15 ke deyingi toptama kitap, 7-bet). Demek, Ching ýkimeti Qyzay eline 3 aqalaqshy, al patshalyq Resey Ileni otarlap túrghandaghy ýsh bolys Alban elining ata qonysynda túraqtap qalghandaryna bir aqalaqshy taghayyndapty. Ile general mekemesining bekituimen 1882 jyly Tekesti negiz etken bir aqalaqshy el bolyp úiysyp, Daday Aljanbayúly aqalaqshy, Janseyt Qaumenúly mampang bolypty. Keyin ýsh aqalaqshy, odan alty aqalaqshy elge kobeyipti.

Qyzay elining Ile angharyna qonys audaru barysy

Ching ýkimeti 1882 jyly nauryz aiynda Ileni qaytaryp alghan son, Ile angharyndaghy jayylymdar negizinen bos qalghandyqtan Tarbaghataydyng Soltýstigi men Búratala ónirindegi Qyzay elining atqa minerleri qasiyetti Qyzay ananyng «El ósip jerden qysylsandar, әkem Bәidibekting ata mekeni Ileni tabyndar» degen ósiyeti boyynsha «orysqa emes, Ching patshalyghyna qaraymyz» dep Ile general mekemesine ózderin Ile angharyna ornalastyrudy talap etedi. Ile generaly Jin shún Qyzay taypasynyng búryn Tarbaghatay Sanzan uәzirine qaraytynyn eskerip, sol kezdegi Tarbaghatay Sanzan uәziri Shy lúnnyng adam jiberip olardy Tarbaghataygha ornalastyruyn talap etedi. Alayda, Tarbaghatayda ornalastyratyn bos jer bolmaghandyqtan Búratalanyng tauly ónirlerinde mal baghuyna uaqtyly búiyryq bergen. Kóp ótpey Ile general mekemesi Qyzay elining Ile angharyna qonystanuyna rúqsat etedi. Qasiyetti Qyzay ana úrpaqtaryna mynaday ósiyet qaldyrypty: «Jaugershilik joyylyp, tynysh beybit zaman ornaghan da, keyingi úrpaqtarym mening atamekenim Ilege baryp qonystansyn». («Múra»,1999 jyl, 3-san,30-bet).

«Jatatyn Úly jýzge Ýisin qanday,
Ýisyiinnying tuajaty Bәidibek bay.
Kýnbiybi Bәidibekting kýndey qyzy,
Atanghan keyin kele anam Qyzay». («Esenkeldi» dastanynan).

1882 jyly Ile generaly Qúdaymendi tóreni Qyzay taypasynyng tәijiligine taghayyndady, ol Qyzay taypasynyng ýsh aqalaqshysynyng ýstinen qarady. Sasan, Boqash, Bәieke Qyzay elining aqalaqshysy bolyp taghayyndaldy, olargha 3-dәrejeli ýki taghudy yltipat etti. Baybolat aqalaqshylyq mansap tiymegendikten ókpelep Qazymbet, Qonyrbay, Tastemir, Shoban qatarly tórt rudan 100 den astam otbasyn bastap patshalyq resey teritoryasyna ótip ketedi. 1883 jyly 7-ayda Sasan, Boqash, Bәieke ózine qarasty rulardy bastap ýsh baghytpen Ile angharyna kóshedi. Boqashtyng basqaruyndaghy Tәnirberdi rulary Qarabúqa asuynan asyp, Sayram kólin jaghalap, Talqydan asyp, Qas, Kýnes ózenderning angharyna kóship barady. Sasannyng basqaruyndaghy Begimbet-Derbis rulary Jyng ónirinen attanyp, Kókqamyr tauynan asyp, Kýnes ózenning Ontýstik jaghasyna kóship barady. Bәiekening basqaruyndaghy Tileuberdi, Tileuqabyl rulary Kýnesting shyghysyndaghy tauly ónirden asyp ótip, Kýneske keledi, onan song Ile angharnyng basqa jerlerine bytyray qonystanady.

Ching ýkimeti jonghar býligin tynyshtandyrghannan keyin, Qyzay eli mólshermen 1760 jyldary Ayakózden Tarbaghatay ónirine kóshe bastaghan. «Tarbaghataygha tayau jerdegi (keyingi patshalyq Reseyding Lepsy audany) Bәijigit, Qyzay rulary». (Venikov shygharmalary Maly man audarghan, «Jonghar shegarasyndaghy túrghyndardy tekseru», «Shynjang uniyversiyteti ghylymy júrnaly», 1980 jyl, 3-san). Ching handyghynyng estelikterinde osy mezgilderde «Qyzay elining tarbaghatay Sanzanyna qaraytyndyghy» qatirelengen. («Shynjannyng qaritaly shejiresi» shejire bólimi, 16-tom, 5-bet). Al patshalyq Reseyding tarihy materialdarynda «Qyzay elining Barlyq tauynda kóship-qonyp» jýrgeni qatirelengen. (IY.V.Babkov: «Batys sibirdegi qyzmetimnen eske alghandarym» 1859- 1875 jyldar, Beyjin, 1973 jyl, 1-kitap, 130-bet). Qyzay eli Tarbaghataydyng Toqtabarlyq, Orqy, Mayly-Jayyr tauly ónirin jәne Emil ózenning eki jaghasyndaghy keng baytaq saharada kóship-qonyp jýrgen, 1865 jyly1-aydyng 27-kýni Shәueshekte dýngen kóterilisi tuyldy, Qyzay eli de kóterliske belsene qatynasty. 1866 jyly 4-aydyng 1-kýni kóterlisshiler Shәueshekti basyp alyp, Ching ýkimetining Shәueshektegi biylik organdaryn joydy. Biraq ishki-syrtqy kýshterding basymyna tótep bere almay 6, 7-aylarda dýngen-qazaq kóterlisshileri Shәueshekten sheginip shyqty. Olardyng kóp bólegi Kórqarasugha (shihugha) bardy. «Olar (dýngenderdi aityp otyr, - avtor) mal-mýlkimen Shәueshekten sheginip, odaqtastary Bәijigit, Qyzay, Dórtuil rularymen Manas tóniregine jótkelip baryp, Kýitýn degen qystaq qúrdy».(«Orta Aziyany baghyndyru tarihy», M.A.Terentiyev qytay tilinde, Sauda baspasy, 1983-jyly 3-ay, birinshi basylymy 2-bólim, 13-bet). Manas ónirine barghan qazaqtardyng bir bólegi Ching armiyasynyng qysymy men jaylym jetispegendikten Jetisu-Semey ónirene kóship ketti. Al Qyzay elining kóp bólegi 1869 jyldyng aldy-artynan 1883 jyly 7-ayda Ile angharyna kóshkenge deyin Tarbaghataydyng soltýstigindegi tauly ónirler men Búratala oipaty, Sayram kólining tónireginde kóship-qonyp jýrdi. «...Búryn Dórbiljyn, Toly audany kóleminde túratyn qazaqtyng Qyzay ruy soghystyng ala-shapqynynan qashyp, Erenqabyrghany jiyektey kóship, Ýrimji ózenning jogharghy aghysyna deyin bardy, keyin Tәnir tauyn boylay batysqa bettep, sonynda Ile angharyna qonys tepti». («Shynjang qazaqtarnyng qonys audaru tarihy» qytaysha, Ýrimji, Shynjang uniyversiyteti baspasy, 1993 jyly 12-ay, 1-basylymy, 220-bet). Qyzay elining kóshi-qony turaly búdan basqa da jazba derekter bar. «Tarbaghataydan sheginip shyqqannan keyin, Qyzay taypasynyng basym kópshiligi ainalyp Búratala oipaty men Sayram angharyna kóship keldi. 1869 jyldyng aldy-artyn 1883-jyly 7-ayda (Guanshiyding 8-jyly 6-ay) Ile angharyna kóshkenge deyin, Qyzay taypasy bastan-ayaq osy ónirdi qimyl ortalyghy etti». (IY.V.Babkov: «Batys sibirdegi qyzmetimnen eske alghandarym» 1859 – 1875 jyldar, Beyjin, 1973-jyl, 1-kitap, 213-bet).

1900 jyly 5-ayda Kýnbolat Baybolatúly patshalyq Resey azamattyghyna ótudi qalamay, búryn әkesi Baybolat bastap shar patsha jerine ótip ketken eldi bastap Ile angharyna kóship keludi talap etti, әri Ile general mekemesining rúqsatyn aldy. Sol jyly 6-ayda 130 otbasy, 513 adamdy bastap Ilege kóship keldi.

Patshalyq Reseyding otarshyldyq ezgisine qarsy 1916 jylghy Qarqara kóterlisindegi ýlken qyrghynshylyq saldarynan halyq jappay Ile angharnyng shyghysyna qonys audarghan. Kelesi jyly eki elding kelisimimen búl elding basym kópshiligi qaytaryldy. Taghy da 1930 jyldardaghy Kenester Odaghynda bolghan asharlyq saldarynan halyq soltýstik Shynjang ónirine keng auqymdy qonys audaryp, qaytpay túraqtap qalghan.

Demek, Ching ýkimeti jongharlardy tynyshtandyrghannan keyin qazaqtyng bir bólim ru-taypalary patshalyq Reseyding otarlau sayasatyna batyl qarsy túryp atamekeni  Ile, Altay, Tarbaghatay ónirine qayta orala bastaydy.

Múratәli Mәshirepúly,

Ile pedagogikalyq uniyversiyteti filosofiya pәnining magistiyri, últtanu pәnining doktory.

Maqalany tóte jazudan audaryp dayyndaghan Álimjan Áshimúly.

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