Álemdik ekonomikanyng býgingi mәnin - ekonomika órleuining belgili bir buyny bitip, kelesi jana sipatyn kýtudegi daghdarysy deude. Aytalyq, búghan deyingi ekonomika aluan quat kózderi men aqparattyng tútynysyna tikeley qatysty bolsa, endigi ekonomika adam men materialdyq iygilikterding jer betindegi oryn auysuyna tikeley tәueldi bolmaq.

Biz tanystyrghaly otyrghan taqyryp әlemdik ekonomikanyng basqa sipatqa ótuine ýlesi qosarlyq tehnologiyanyng birine qatysty. Ol  tehnologiya - Sky Way  ishekti aspajol  atalady.

Býgingi adam men jýk tasymaly uaqyt ýdesine tótep bere almauda.  Býginde jyl sayyn 1,5 mln adam avtoapattan kóz júmyp, 15 mln adam jaraqat alady. Al әskery qaqtyghystarda jyl sayyn 500 mynday adam ghana qaza tabatynyn eskersek, adamzatqa qarsy shayqas kimning paydasynda eenine kóz jetedi. Avtojoldardyng tabanyndaghy jer kólemi  5 Angliyanyng aumaghyn alyp jatyr, iri qalalardy qúrsaghan keptelisterdi aitu óz aldyna. Temirjoldardyng tabany da odan qalyspaydy, europalyq iri eki memleketting aumaghynday jerdi qoldanystan shygharuda.

Atalmysh tehnologiyagha toqtalyp otyruymyzdyng bir sebebi, búnyng býgingi tandaghy ghylymy iydeya men tehnologiya satysynan ótip, naqty iske asu jolyndaghy joba ekendiginde. Salystyrmaly týrde aitqanda, әlemge mәshkýr nemisting SIYMENS kompaniyasy  JR-Maglev atauymen mәlim magnittik kópshik tehnologiyasyna 66 jyl arnap, 6,5 mlrd AQSh dollaryn júmsap, aqyry nәtiyjesiz qalyp, jobany dogharyp qoydy. Ázirge joly bolmaghan búl kólikting shapshandyghy saghatyna 600 shaqyrym eken. Degenmen, múnyng keybir núsqasy Japoniya men Qytayda, taghy birqatar elderde iske asyp jatyr. Degenmen, jýzege asuy dogharylghan búl jobalar men keybir iske asa bastaghan magnit joldardyng tiyimsizdigi A.iyniskiyding aituy boyynsha, olardyng orasan qymbattyghynda kórinedi. Aytalyq, JR-Maglev kólikti jyljytugha ketetin magnit órisin tughyzu ýshin qyruar quat júmsalady, al qauipsizdigining tómendigi óz aldyna, sebebi, magnit órisin qúiyndatatyn poyyzdyng etegindegi quysqa әldebir qúmalaq týsip ketse de ony shayqaltatynday jayt tuyndaydy eken.

Sonday-aq, Hyperloop – «giyperilmek» atalghan, 2012—2013 jyldary amerikalyq venchur-kapitalist Ilon Mask úsynghan vakumdyq poyyz jobasynyng joly bolmaghan synayly. Búl kólik saghatyna 1200 shaqyrymnan artyq jýitkui tiyis edi. Vakumdyq qúbyrjolgha qatysty A.iyniskiy onyng tipti de adam tasugha qabyletin joqqa shygharady, onyng aituynsha, búl jol gharyshqa adam úshyrghanmen birdey әri adamdy týtikting ishimen «atyp jiberu» ony óltirumen teng deydi. Sebebi, adam qany auasyz kenis jaghdayynda qaynap ketetin kórinedi, keybir gharyshkerler osyndaygha úshyrap qaza tapqan. Mamandardyng aituynsha, saghatyna 300 kilometr jyldamdyqtan shapshang jýitkiytin kólikting qay-qaysysyna da basty dúshpan – otynnyng 90 payyzyn shyghyndaytyn aerodinamikalyq kedergi, yaghny aua aghynynyng qarsy kýshi kórinedi. Mine osy kedergini ainalyp ótu ýshin Ilon Mask iydeyasy boyynsha iri qúbyrdyng ishinen aua sorylyp alynyp, sonyng ishine ornalasqan kapsul-kólik arzan әri shapshang jýitkui tiyis bolatyn...

Endi Yuniskiyding ishekti kóligine toqtalsaq, búnyng atalmysh kólikter sheshe almaghan nemese qarastyrmaghan barlyq mәselelerdi keshendi týrde sheship kele jatqandyghyna kuә bolamyz.

Al, A.E.ngniskiy búl mәselening basqa sheshimin tauyp otyrghan kórinedi: onyng býginde 120-dan asa  mamandarynan qúrylghan konstruktorlyq burosy kólikting aua aghynyna tótep beretin syrtqy túrpatyn oilap shygharyp, ony patenttep ýlgeripti. Býgingi eng ozat әue layneri sanalatyn BOYNG úshaqtarynyng  aerodinamikalyq kedergi koefisiyenti – 0,1 bolsa, әlemdegi  eng jýirik avtokólik Bugatti Veyron kórsetkishi – 0,38, al yunibustardyng eksperiyment jýzindegi búl koefisiyenti meylinshe tómen – 0,03, әlemde әzirge búghan jetken kórsetkish joq! Bugatti auamen «alysugha» myndaghan at kýshin júmsaytyn kórinedi, óitkeni onyng aerodinamikalyq túrpaty tiyimsiz – deydi  SkyWay bas konstruktory.

SkyWay kólik jýiesining tehnikalyq sipattamasy.

SkyWay kólik kesheni (iniskiyding ishekti kóligi) bolat doghalaqty avtomobili bolyp tabylady, jolaushylargha  — «inibus», jýk tasugha — «initrak», tepkinshegi bar jenil seruendik-sayahattyq týri – «nnibayk» atalady. Búlardyng bәri ishekti relsterge jayghasqan, al relsterding ózi jerding bederi men jaghdayyna qaray týrli biyiktiktegi jerge qadalghan tiginki beton qadalargha bekitiledi.  Kólik keshenine  barlyq infraqúrylymdar – beketter, vokzaldar, terminaldar, jóndeu sheberhanalary, baghyttaushy auystyrghyshtar, basqaru men qauipsizdikting avtomatty jýiesi, quat pen baylanys kiredi. SkyWay qúrylymynyng meylinshe tegis әri symday tartylghan qatty ishek-relsterining arqasynda saghatyna 500 km   jyldamdyq enserilmek. Ishekti-rels trasasy birjoldy da, kópjoldy da bolmaq. Sonday-aq kólikter — baspaly/navesnymy (avtokólik qos ishekti basyp jýretin relske jayghastyrylady) jәne aspaly/podvesnymy (kólik bir nemese qos ishekti relske asylghan kýii jyljidy).

Atalmysh SkyWay kólik jýiesi tasymaldyq qabyleti men syiymdylyghyna qaray: asa jenil, jenil, ortasha, auyr jәne asa auyr týrlerge bólinedi. Jyldamdyq rejiymi boyynsha – bayau (100 km/s-qa deyingi), jyldam (200 km/s-qa deyingi), jýirik (300 km/s-qa deyingi), asa jýirik (400 km/chs-qa deyingi) jәne giyperjýirik (500 km/s-qa deyingi). Sóitip búl kólik jýiesi mynaday kólik salalaryn qamtityn bolady: 

• asa jyldam qalaaralyq jolaushy tasymaly;
• qalaishilik jolaushy tasymaly;

• kez kelgen kәsiporynnyng kez kelgen jýgin tasymaldau.

Kólik jýiesi tau-tas, shatqal, mәngi ton, teniz-kól betimen jәne basqa da býgingi qol jetkizu qiyn әri kýrdeli jerlerdi onay әri arzan jol qatynasymen qamtymaq.

SkyWay tehnologiyasyn halyqaralyq saraptau men sertifikattau  júmysy bitken son, ony engizu 2017 jyldyng mamyr aiyna josparlanyp otyr. Biylghy qazan aiynda asa jýirik joldan basqasy tehnoparkte әzir bolyp, sertifikasiyalanbaq. Búl tehnologiyany әlemge resmy týrde  tanystyru  barysynda 140 mlrd dollardan astam túratyn tapsyrysqa alghashqy satyda qol jetkizbek. Qazirgi kezde qúny 300 mln funt-sterling túratyn tehnopark salynuda.

Tehnologiyanyng basty saymany sanalatyn ishekti rels qúrastyrylghan temirjol relsinen de arzan - 1 km qúny 10 myng AQSh dollar túratyn arnayy kerme rels bolyp  tabylady.  SkyWay aspaly ishekti-relsi: rels-taban; ishekter shoghy; ishekterdi rels qorabyna bekitu elementi; toltyrghysh (arnayy beton); relsting korpusy, búlardyng bәri  SkyWay tehnologiyasynyng patenttelgen ónertabysy.

Búl ónimdi tek qana aspajol ýshin ghana emes, kópirler men paromdargha da qoldanu mýmkindigi zor. Ishekti relste tigis bolmaydy, birtútas úzyna boyyna sozylghan aspaly bolat joldyng qajaluyna bolmasa dybys shygharuyna sebep joqtyng qasy kórinedi.

Óitkeni, әdettegi temirjol relisining ishki jaghyn vagonnyng kertish doghalaghy qajaugha mәjbýr, búdan jol da, doghalaq ta qajalyp, joldyng sapasy men kólik jýrisine, zalaly mol ekeni mәlim. Al, Yuniskiy relisining naq betinde eshbir kertishi joq doghalaq pen relsting ishki betin ala kólikti relsten shygharmaytynday mindeti bar doghalaqtar zyrlamaq. Búnyng bәri bolat temirding bir birine ýikelisin boldyrmaydy. 

ynibustardy jýrgizuge keltiretin agregattyng bes týri qarastyrylghan:  a), g) — sәikes týrde doghalaqtardy ainaldyratyn jyljytqysh (qozghaltqysh) pen aua qanghalaghy; b) — motor-doghalaq; v) — elektr jelisine qosylghan jyljytqysh; d) — gaz turbinasy.

SkyWay tehnologiyasynyng bir qiytúrqysy sonda – onyng jer betinen asylghan ishekti jolgha negizdeluinde, búl aerodinamikalyq kedergini meylinshe azaytady. A.E.yniskiyding dәiekteuinshe, ishekti kólik kәdimgi avtokólikke qaraghanda 20-25 ese tiyimdi. Sky Way — tireuler arasyna kerilgen relsterding kómegimen jyljyityn jerýstilik (jerbetilik emes) kólik jýiesi.  Múnday kólik saghatyna 500 km  jyldamdyqpen jýitkip, onyng qozghalysy avtomatty týrde rettelip otyrmaq.

Aspajol jýiesining avtory qazirgi temirjol vagony jolaushyny emes, ózin de alyp jýre almay, ony lokomotiv tartatynyn aita kelip, әr jolaushygha 3 tonna jýk keletinin jәne sol artyq jýkti jyljytugha júmsalatyn otyndy, quatty keltire otyryp,synaydy. Aspajolda әr jolaushygha әri ketkende 120-150 kg jýk qana tiyetinin salystyryp, óz tehnologiyasynyng tiyimin dәleldep otyr. Ishekti jolda jýikiytin yunibustar men yunikarlarda eshbir alyp motor ne diyzeli joq, doghalaqtargha bekitilgen shaghyn ghana jyljytqysh/dvijok bar. Atalmysh kólikting júmsaytyn shyghyny ras bolsa, birneshe ese az kórinedi.  Sky Way  temirjolmen salystyrghanda meylinshe az shiykizat talap etedi, paydalanys barysynda arnayy qyzmet pen bap talghamaydy, aua rayyna tәuelsiz jәne jýkting barynsha qauipsizdigin aqtaydy.

Jana kólik avtory búl - tehnologiya ghana emes, barlyq mәselelerding sheshimin qarastyrghan kóliktik jýie dep esepteydi. Salystyrmagha kólikting jylju tәsili – asfalittaghy  rezina doghalaq pen relstegi bolat doghalaq, kólik jýieleri, aerodinamika, tasylatyn jolaushy sany men oghan ketetin quat mólsherin qarastyryp, ghylymiy  týrde dәiektep Yuniskiy óz kóligine shang juytar emes. Temirjoldyng әrbir shaqyrymyna 20 mln dollargha deyin qarjy júmsalsa, aspanjoldyng bir shaqyrymy 1-5 mln dollardan aspaydy jәne ony jyl sayyn jóndeu men kýndelikti qosymsha baptau kerek emes. Aspajol kólikterining ýnemdiligi sonsha, onyng arqasynda býgingi meshkey kólikter azayyp, millardtaghan tonna otyn ýnemdelip, aua men jer tazarmaq.

Dәstýrli temirjoldar men tasjoldar ekologiyany búzuda, su men aua aghyny tabighy ainalystan shyghyp, bógelip, jer betindegi tabighy apattargha septik etude kórinedi. Aytalyq, joldarmen bógelgen alqaptyng bir jaghy qúrghasa, endi bir jaghyn su basugha beyim bolady. Al atalmysh kólik jýiesi kerisinshe ekologiyany qalpyna keltiruge arnalghan joba bolyp tabylady. Temirjoldar men tasjoldardyng tabanyna ezilgen millondaghan gektar jer bosaydy.

Aspajol nege úzaqqa sozyluda? Jalpy adamzat tarihynda kólik jýiesin engizu barynsha keritartpa tehnologiya kórinedi: attyng er-túrmanyn engizuge 1000 jyl, al minis atty jýgendeuge 7 ghasyr júmsalypty... Al jana tehnologiyany engizuge eshkim de qúmartpaydy, qarjy shygharmaytyn kórinedi. Sondyqtan búghan 10 jyl boyy aqshaly alpauyttar men shendilerding sonynan jýgirip, týrli qarjy kózderine jýgingen Yuniskiy komandasy aqsha taba almaghasyn, aqyry qoldy bir siltep, Minsk týbindegi Mariina gorka degen búrynghy tank poligonynan 36 ga jer alyp, oghan halyq qarjysyn tartyp, kraudinvesting tәsilimen qarapayym azamattardy investor retinde júmyldyryp tehnopark salugha kirisken. Biylghy qazan aiynda búl ekotehnoparkte qalalyq jәne jýk tasymalgha arnalghan ishekti aspajol ýlgisi dayyn bolmaq. Kelesi jyly 15 shaqyrymdy qamtityn saghatyna 500 km-ge jýitkiytin shapshang kólikke arnalghan aspajol bitip, әlemdi jana kólik jýiesine jýgindirudi qolgha alu jospary jýzege aspaq.

Biyldyng ózinde búghan deyin tonteris bolyp kelgen reseylik resmy kólik vedomostvosy 70-ke tarta sarapshylary bar arnayy komissiyamen búl tehnologiyany innovasiya retinde moyyndapty. Endeshe kelesi jyly Resey memleketi búghan budjetten arnayy qarjy bólip, kezinde әlemdi Mendeleev kestesimen, gharyshqa jónelgen Gagarin saparymen tendesetin, dúrysy odan da  orasan kólik jýiesin shyndap qolgha alatyny mәlim  bola bastady.

Al әzirge qarjyger sarapshylardyng pessimistik boljamy juyrdaghy búl jobanyng qorjynyna 250 mlrd dollar tartylatynyna kýmәn keltirmeydi. Qazirding ózinde Euroasian Rail Skyway Systems Ltd kompaniyasy týrli tapsyrysshylarmen 180 mlrd dollargha aldyn ala sharttasyp, olarmen kelesi  jyly bitetin ekotehnoparkke kózderin jetkizgen boyda aspajoldyng jergilikti jobalaryn salugha kirispek.

Akademik A.iniskiyding izbasarlarynyng biri - jobanyng josparlau jәne strategiyalyq damu jónindegi diyrektory retindegi Sibiryakov Sergey Anatolievichting payymyna sensek, әlemdi aqparat jelisi internet týrinde shyrmady, endi aldaghy 10-20 jyl ishinde adam men jýkting aghynyn kedergisiz qamtityn transnet jelisi shyrmaytyn bolady. Aytpaqshy, S.Sibiryakov 90-jyldary Kemer oblysynyng gubernatory, bauyrymyz Aman Tóleevting jaqyn sarapshylarynyng biri bolghanyn aita ketken abzal. Onyng aituynsha, búl tek qana kólik jýiesi emes, bolashaqta adam ayaghy barmaytyn aumaqtardy iygeruding basty qúralyna ainalmaq, óitkeni, aspajol jýiesi tau men tasty da, shatqaldy da, araldy da, teniz ýstin de shyrmap, әlemdik joldar jelisine ainalady. Sibiryakov búl kólik jýiesi bolashaqta qalalardyng әlpetin de ózgertpek, óitkeni qalalyqtargha kerek materialdyq iygilikti tasyp jetkizu meylinshe ynghayly boluy ýshin qalalar osynday joldardyng boyynda úzyna boyy salynuy әbden mýmkin. Búghan qosa, atalmysh jol jelisi kóp úzamay baylanys pen quat jelisin de ózimen birge tasymaldaytyn әmbebap jelige ainalmaq. Demek, býgingi órkeniyetti ózgertu degenimiz - osy shyghar.

Skyway tehnologiyasynyng mindeti jana jol jýiesin engizu ghana emes, jerding ekologiyasyn tazartu, qalpyna keltiru. Qiyalgha bergisiz onyng beketterinde alma aghashy men kókónister ósetin bau-baqtar qolgha alynbaq. Qalalardaghy aspajoldyng beket-toraptary býgingi supermarketter men  bazarlargha bergisiz sauda, sayran oryndaryn qamtityn bolady. Qazirding ózinde Mariina gorkada salynyp jatqan Ekotehnoparkta ekologiyalyq taza kókónister jayqaluda, tipti órtke arnalghan su bógetinde balyq ósirip, aulanuda. Shamasy, tehnologiyanyng ekologiyalyq sipatyna Chernobyl apatynda Yuniskiyding tughan auylynan aiyryluy sebep bolghan sekildi.

Joba jýzege asyp, myndaghan aspajoldar tartyla bastaghanda milliondaghan tonna múnay jaghylmaytyn, jer beti qoparylyp, jol ýshin ýiindi jasalmaytynday, adam balasy tabighatqa kesel keltirmey kóship-qonatynday jaghdaygha jetip, elderding memlekettik shekarasyn kesip ótetin jol jelining adamzat ýshin qanshalyqty qajettigin elep-eskeruge de uaqyt az qalghan sekildi...

Atalmysh innovasiya ghylymy iydeyadan innovasiyalyq tehnologiya retinde moyyndalyp, tәjiriybeden ótken. Endigi mindet onyng kommersiyalyq ýlgisin jasap, tapsyrysshylar aldynda әigileu arqyly jer betine bolashaq ondaghan jyldar boyy salynbaqshy 100 mln km joldy bastap ketu.

Qazaqstangha qanshalyqty tiyimdi?

Búrynghy qazaqstandyq ónertapqysh injener-tehnolog Anatoliy Yuniskiy aumaghy jaghynan әlemde 9-oryn alatyn Qazaqstan  ekonomikasy men halqynyng damuyna qajet keminde 25 myng km temirjol salu kerek dep esepteydi, al ony salu asa qymbat әri juyq arada mýmkin emes. Onyng oiynsha, múnsha úzyn temirjol salu el ekonomikasyn ornyqsyz etedi. Búl joldy salugha 1 trln 250 mlrd dollar kerek, al 25 myng km-ge aspajolgha 100 mlrdtan az qarjy júmsalmaq. Paydalanu kezinde búl temirjolgha bir jylda 15 mln kilovat quat ketse, aspajolgha – 3 mln kilovat ta kóp bolmaq. Ekspluatasiya boyynsha jalpy ýnem jylyna  50 mlrd dollar eken. Atalmysh jolgha 100 mln bolat, 500 mln kub/m-den asa beton, 250 mln kub/m topyraq júmystary, týrli tógindi qúrylys materialdary 1 trln tonnadan asyp ketpek. Dәstýrli shapshang temirjolgha qazaqstandyq jolaushy 1000 shaqyrymgha 10000 tenge júmsasa, aspajolgha 1000 tengege biylet almaq. Tehnolog-ghalym Qazaqstan jaghy ynta bildirse, orasan búl aumaqqa tiyimdi strategiyalyq kólik jýiesi men josparyn jasap beretindigin de jasyrmaydy.

Qysqartyp aitqanda, su joly engeli joly bolghan elder ýshin túiyqtalghan aumaqtardaghy elderding kórpesin tauyp beretindey tehnologiya bolsa, әlemdik bazargha shyghatyn joldyng tiyimdisi osy bolsa, EKSPO-2017 әlemdik kórmesinde kórsetip, kelushilerding nazaryn nege audarmasqa? Sanauly qalalargha shúbyrghan halyqty osy joldyng jýiesimen apaytós dalany kóktey ótetin naghyz jibek jol etpeske degen saualdargha bәlkim, birige jauap izdermiz.

S.Erghaliy

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