Núrbek Qayyrmúhammed. Temeki shegu – ózin-ózi óltiru
Araq iship, temeki shekken,
Densaulyghynyng týbine jetken.
(Halyq danalyghy)
Temeki - qúramynda nikotin (nicotiana) jәne tórt myngha juyq uly zat bar temeki ósimdigining maydalanghan, qúrghatylghan jәne qoldanugha dayyn kýidegi japyraghynan jasalady. Túqymy óte mayda bolghandyqtan, aldymen kósheti ósirilip, sosyn egistik jerge otyrghyzylady. Temeki - japyraghynda taniyn, jelim, shayyr, krahmal jәne alkoloidtar bar. Eng kóp mólsherde nikotin alkoloidy bar. Nikotin sulifat túzdary auyl sharuashylyghynda qúrt-qúmyrsqany óltiru ýshin qoldanylady. Temekining týtini aghzagha ziyandy jәne uly zattardyng jiyntyghynan túrady. Búlardyng ishinde eng qauiptisi - nikotiyn, sinili qyshqyly, kómir qyshqyly, sirke qyshqyly, azot, efir mayy jәne ókpe ragine úshyratatyn әrtýrli radioaktivti elementter (benzepiyren, poloniy, vismut, t.b.).
Nikotin - siaminge para-par u. Nikotin uly zat bolghandyqtan, medisinada dәri retinde qoldanylmaydy. Mәselen, 5-6 tamshy nikotindi itke berse, sol zamatta ólip keter edi. Al, bir qorap temekining qúramyndaghy nikotindi iynemen shanshysa, adam lezde kóz júmady. Alayda, adam aghzasy nikotindi qan arqyly emes tynys jolymen qabyldaytyndyqtan, birden emes, «bayau ólim» arqyly óz týbine ózi jetedi.
Araq iship, temeki shekken,
Densaulyghynyng týbine jetken.
(Halyq danalyghy)
Temeki - qúramynda nikotin (nicotiana) jәne tórt myngha juyq uly zat bar temeki ósimdigining maydalanghan, qúrghatylghan jәne qoldanugha dayyn kýidegi japyraghynan jasalady. Túqymy óte mayda bolghandyqtan, aldymen kósheti ósirilip, sosyn egistik jerge otyrghyzylady. Temeki - japyraghynda taniyn, jelim, shayyr, krahmal jәne alkoloidtar bar. Eng kóp mólsherde nikotin alkoloidy bar. Nikotin sulifat túzdary auyl sharuashylyghynda qúrt-qúmyrsqany óltiru ýshin qoldanylady. Temekining týtini aghzagha ziyandy jәne uly zattardyng jiyntyghynan túrady. Búlardyng ishinde eng qauiptisi - nikotiyn, sinili qyshqyly, kómir qyshqyly, sirke qyshqyly, azot, efir mayy jәne ókpe ragine úshyratatyn әrtýrli radioaktivti elementter (benzepiyren, poloniy, vismut, t.b.).
Nikotin - siaminge para-par u. Nikotin uly zat bolghandyqtan, medisinada dәri retinde qoldanylmaydy. Mәselen, 5-6 tamshy nikotindi itke berse, sol zamatta ólip keter edi. Al, bir qorap temekining qúramyndaghy nikotindi iynemen shanshysa, adam lezde kóz júmady. Alayda, adam aghzasy nikotindi qan arqyly emes tynys jolymen qabyldaytyndyqtan, birden emes, «bayau ólim» arqyly óz týbine ózi jetedi.
Temeki qúramyndaghy uly zattardyng sany 70-ten 300-ge deyin jetedi. Alayda, temeki shegu kezinde uly zattar odan sayyn arta týsedi. Óitkeni, temeki tútatylghanda, temperatura 600-den 900 gradusqa deyin kóteriledi de, jana uly zattar men ónimder týziledi. Osylaysha temekining qúramyndaghy uly zattar sany 4 myngha deyin kóbeyedi.
Nikotin temeki týtinimen auyzgha, odan әri tynys joldarymen ókpege, odan adam qanyna sinip, qan arqyly adam aghzasynyng týkpir-týkpirin ulaydy. Silekey arqyly jútynghanda, nikotin óneshke, asqazangha ótedi. Sóitip, auyzdaghy, erindegi, tildegi, tandaydaghy óte sezimtal jýike talshyqtaryn zaqymdaydy. Nikotin qan arqyly migha jetedi, әueli onyng jýike jasushalaryn (neyrondardy) qozdyrady, sosyn olardy ulay bastaydy. Ol týtin arqyly tynys joldarymen ótetindikten, temeki týtini onyng ishki qabyrshaqtaryn ystaydy, isindirip, qabyndyrady, qan týiirshikterindegi ottegini adam aghzasyna taratushy tamyrlargha auyr zardabyn tiygizip, qan ainalymy qiyndaghannan mi, jýrek, basqa aghzalar «qoreksiz» qalady. Kók týtinning saldarynan adamnyng býkil qan tamyrlary jiyrylyp, qan almasu qiyndaydy. Jýrekke ýlken auyrtpalyq týsetindikten, jýrek talmasyna alyp keledi. Migha baratyn qan mólsheri azayyp, ol óz kýshinde júmys istey almaydy. Barlyq aghzalargha ottegi jetispegendikten, bas auyryp, jýrek syzdap, ayaq-qol qaqsaydy. Temeki shegetin analar tapqan balanyng qan týiirshikterining gemoglobiyni kem bolady.
ÁRBIR 13 SEKUNDTA BIR ADAM TEMEKINING QÚRBANY
Jyl sayyn dýniyejýzinde temeki sheguding saldarynan 4 mln. adam qaytys bolady eken. Múny jyl boyyna kýn sayyn 25 úshaq apatqa úshyraghan jolaushylardyng sanymen salystyrugha bolady. Býginde jer sharynda 1,2 mlrd. adam temeki shegetin kórinedi. Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymynyng (DDSÚ) deregi boyynsha, 1997 jyly temekiden 3 mln. adam qaytys bolsa, búl kórsetkish jyl sayyn 33 payyzgha ósip otyrghan. Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymynyng esebine jýginsek, eger jaghday ózgermese, onda tayau jyldarda temeki jarty milliard adamnyng týbine jetui mýmkin. Búl kelensiz mәlimet ýreylendirip, ýrkitu ýshin emes, naqty derek. Eger jarnamalyq túrghyda nasihat jasaugha tyiym salynbasa, ghasyr sonyna deyin jer betinde 1 mlrd. kisi temekining qúrbanyna ainalmaq. Al, shylym shegetinderding 95 payyzy ókpening qaterli isigine úrynady. DDSÚ mәlimetine sýiensek, jer sharyndaghy 2 milliard jasóspirimning sanasy nikotinmen ulanghan.
Amerikalyq bir ghalymnyng temekining adamzatqa qauiptiligin atom bombasymen salystyrghany bar. Tómendegi naqty mәlimetterge qarap shyqsanyz, búl sózding negizsiz emestigine kóz jetkizesiz.
Qaterli isik (rak) aurularynan qaza bolghan әr 100 adamnyng 90-y shylym shegetinder eken.
Temeki týtini avtomobili týtinimen salystyrghanda 4 ese uly.
Eger adam 15 jasynda shylym shegudi bastasa, onyng ómir úzaqtyghy 15 jylgha qysqarady.
Medisina qyzmetkerlerining boljamy boyynsha, kóp keshikpey temeki býkil jer betining 10 payyz túrghyndaryn o dýniyege attandyrady.
Týtindi әr jútqan sayyn adam ómiri qysqara týsetindigi ghylymda dәleldengen.
Dýniyejýzi ghalymdary bir auyzdan qorytyndygha kelgen; ókpe ragy aurularynyng 90 payyzy shylym shegetinderding ýlesine tiyedi.
Eger shylym shegushiler kýnine 20 tal temeki shekse, olardyng ókpening qaterli isigi auruyna shaldyghu qaupi ózgelerge qaraghanda 10-15 ese artady.
Tek bir tal temeki shekken adam aghzasynda nikotinning zardaby men býirek ýstindegi bezderden bólinetin ardenamen jәne noradrenamen dep atalatyn garmondardyng júmysy búzylady.
Tuberkulezben auyrghan eresek 100 adamnyng 95-i úzaq uaqyt temeki tartqandar.
Erkekter jәne әielder arasyndaghy jynystyq tәbetsizdikting basty sebepterining biri - nikotiyn.
Temeki týtinindegi eng kóp zattar - shayyr (smola), kómir totyghy, kanserogendik zattar jәne iondalghan qorghasyn.
Álemde әr 13 sekundta bir adam, әr 65 sekundta bes adam temeki kesirinen kóz júmady.
AQSh-ta temeki saldarynan ólgen adamdar sany tórt soghysta yaghni, I, II dýniyejýzilik soghysta, Koreya men Vietnam soghysynda ólgen amerikandyqtardyng sanynan asyp týsken.
Sportta óner kórsetip jýrgen adam shylym shegudi bastasa, onyng kórsetkishteri 40 payyzgha kýrt tómendeydi.
Eger 100-120 milligramm nikotindi adamnyng tamyryna jiberse, ol kisi sol sәtte-aq o dýniyelik bolady.
40-50 jasqa deyingi erkekterding arasynda jýrek auruynan qaytys bolghandardyng 80 payyzyna temeki sebep bolghan.
Ayaq tamyrlarynyng tyghyndaluynyng 90 payyzy temekining saldary.
Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymynyng mәlimetinshe, Kolumbtyng Amerika qúrlyghyn ashqannan bergi osy uaqytqa deyin shylym sheguden eng kemi 1 milliardtan astam adam kóz júmghan.
Temeki saldarynan ómirimen qoshtasqan adamdardyng sany esirtki saldarynan ómirmen qoshtasqan jandar sanyna qaraghanda 13 ese kóp.
Temeki tartpaytyndargha qaraghanda tartatyndardyn arasynda kenetten ólip ketu 10 ese kóp.
Kýnine 1 qorap temeki tartatyn adamnyng denesinde 20 jylda 7 kg kýie men qaramay jinalady.
Álemde bolghan órtting 70 payyzyna temeki túqylynyng óshirusiz qaluy sebepshi bolghan.
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