Tarih ýni

Qostanayda últ ústazy Ahmet Baytúr­synovtyng jary Badrisafa ómirin zert­teuge jәne jerlengen jerin anyqtaugha arnalghan ekspedisiya qúrylghaly anamyz­dyng aruaghyna baghyshtalghan birqatar jú­mystardyng basy qayyryldy. Nysanagha alghan isterding arasynda Badrisafanyng tabany tiygen jәne ol jayynda bir derek shyghyp qala ma dep ýmittengen oryn­dar­dyng barlyghyn shama jet­kenshe jýrip ótu de kózdelgen edi. Áriy­ne, búl orayda Ba­tys Sibirde jatqan Tom­nyng orny bólek.

Tarih ýni

Qostanayda últ ústazy Ahmet Baytúr­synovtyng jary Badrisafa ómirin zert­teuge jәne jerlengen jerin anyqtaugha arnalghan ekspedisiya qúrylghaly anamyz­dyng aruaghyna baghyshtalghan birqatar jú­mystardyng basy qayyryldy. Nysanagha alghan isterding arasynda Badrisafanyng tabany tiygen jәne ol jayynda bir derek shyghyp qala ma dep ýmittengen oryn­dar­dyng barlyghyn shama jet­kenshe jýrip ótu de kózdelgen edi. Áriy­ne, búl orayda Ba­tys Sibirde jatqan Tom­nyng orny bólek.

Zamannyng lebi, uaqyttyng jeli de­ge­­nimizben, belgili bir adamdardyng ozbyr­ly­ghynan odan tútas halyqtyng japa shekkeni, zәbir kórgeni tarih keshirmes kýnә. Atyng óshkir F.Goloshekinning úiymdas­ty­ruy­men 1928 jyly baylardyng malyn tәrki­leuden bastalghan kesapat sony "kishi Oktyabri" nau­qany arqyly ashtyqqa úlas­ty. Qazaq hal­qy tozdy, bosty, qyryldy. Oghan jany kýi­­gen, qarsylyghyn bildirgen bas kóterer azamattarynyng barlyghy bol­mashy syltaumen, "últshyl" degen jalamen ústalyp, qamalyp, atyldy nemese Sibirge aidaldy. Olar­dyng aldynghy qa­ta­rynda búrynnan da "últshyl", "alash­or­dashyl" aty bar, on­yng ýstine qazaq dala­syndaghy kәmpeskeni jútqa tenegen Ahmet Baytúrsynov túrghan edi. Ol 1929 jyly 2 mausymda Qyzylorda qalasynda tútqyn­daldy da, jylgha juyq tergeuden keyin, yaghny 1930 jyly sәuir aiynda Bi­rikken sayasy bas basqarma kollegiya­sy­nyng qarauy­men atu jazasyna kesildi. Biraq búl joly ózining Qyzyl krest qogha­my­na jazghan ary­zy oqqaghar bolyp, Ah­met atamyz ajal tyr­naghynan aman qaldy. Atu jazasy kons­lagerimen auystyryldy. Jazushy Túr­syn Júrtbaydyng "Úranym-Alash!" kita­byn­da Ahmet Baytúrsynovtyng OGPU mekemelerine baqylau jasaytyn respublika prokurorynyng orynbasaryna jaz­ghan óti­nishi berilgen. Onda últ kósemi ózine kesilgen jaza turaly mәlimet beredi: "OGPU-ding 1931 jyl­ghy 13 qantardaghy qauly­sy­men mening dýniye-mýlkim tәrki­le­nip, ózime on jyl konslageride otyrugha ýk­im shygha­ryldy. Sol OGPU-ding 1932 jyl­ghy 4 qara­shadaghy qaulysymen merziminen búryn bo­satylyp, 3 jylgha Soltýstik ólkege jer audaryldym", deydi de ary­zy­nyng sonyn­da: "1933 jyldyng 6 qan­tary, Adresim: Arhangelisk, Solombala, 1-derevnya, 1-boy­lyq, №9 ýi" dep jaza­syn ótep jatqan uaqyty men meken-jayyn kór­­setedi.

Ahang bolmasa Badrisafanyng basy­n­a dau­­­­yl­dyng qara búlty ýiiriler me edi, әl­de taghdyry basqasha óriler me edi kim bilsin. Biraq erine adal anamyz jel aidaghan qanbaqtay zamannyng ókpek jeli qayda júl­­­­qysa sonda bardy. Birikken sayasy bas basqarma kollegiyasy Ahana konslagerige ýkim shygharghan ký­ni, yaghny 1931 jyly 13 qantarda Badrisafa Múhamedsadyqqyzy men on eki jasar qyzy Sholpandy Tom oblysyna bes jylgha jer audaryp jibergen edi. Qaulynyng ózi qanday qorqynyshty bolsa, onyng oryndaluy, batpaghy, masasy, suyghy men ashtyghy birinen biri ótetin Batys Sibir ólkesi naghyz dozaq bolatyn.

Ahmet Baytúrsynov 1932 jyly jeltoq­sannyng 31-i kýni Mirjaqyp Dula­tovqa jaz­­­ghan hatynda ózining Arhangeliskige sol jyly qarashanyng 30-da kelgenin aitady. Ári suyqtan, әri júmyssyzdyqtan, qym­batshylyqtan ol Arhangeliskige bara qiy­na­lady. Al Mirjaqypqa 1933 jyldyng ba­synda jazghan hatynda: "Bir jaghynan - auru, ekinshi jaghynan - suyq, ýshinshi ja­ghynan - ashtyq, ýsh jaqtap qysyp, әrkimning atsalysqan kómegi arqa­syn­da kýneltip kele jatqan jay bar. Búl qalyppen kópke barmay bir shegine baryp tynatyn shygharmyn. "Qyr balasy" (Á.Bókeyhanov) qoldan kelgen kómegin istep-aq jatyr", deydi. Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng kómegimen Ahang M.Gorikiyding búrynghy әie­li, Qyzyl krest qoghamyn basqarghan E.Peshkovagha densaulyghynyng nasharla­ghanyn aityp, sondyqtan Tomgha aidauda jýrgen әielining janyna barugha rúqsat sú­rap ótinish jazady. Ahang tilegi oryn­dalady. Sóitip, 1933 jyldyng 4 shildesinde otbasyna kelip jetedi. Aldymen Bad­risafa otyrghan Krivoshein audanynyng Jukovo derevnyasyna kelgen Ahan, bizding oiymyzsha, sol kezde osy audangha qaraghan Mogochino selosynda, ózi hatynda jaz­ghanday, qyrkýiek aiynan bastap túrghan.

Tamúq izi

"Badrisafa" ekspedisiyasynyng mýshe­le­ri - Ahmet atamyzdyng kindik qany ta­m­ghan Aqkólding azamaty Ibragim Aghytaev pen osy joldardyng avtory Tom qalasyna kelgenimizde aldymen jerding óte shal­ghaylyghy bilindi. Órkeniyetting bar jetistigin paydalanyp otyr­ghan kezde jolau­shy­ny sharshatatyn búl shahargha Badrisafa men kishkentay Sholpan qantardyng orta­syndaghy qaqaghan ayazda qanday jaghdayda jetti eken desenshi? Tom qalasynyng irgesi HVII ghasyrda, Boris Godunov patsha tú­syn­da qalanghan. 1878 jyly júmysyn bas­taghan Tom memlekettik uniyversiyteti jәne odan keyingi Tom poliytehnikalyq uniy­versiyteti, medisina instituty әli kýnge deyin qalyptasqan dәstýrin ýzbey kele jatqan iri basty bilim ordalary. Poliy­tehnikalyq uniyversiytette últymyz úly­la­rynyng biri Qanysh Sәtbaev bilim alghan. Atalmysh oqu ornyna jaqyn jerdegi geologtar alleyasynda 2008 jy­ly Qanysh aghagha eskertkish orna­tyldy. Os­yn­daghy qazaq diasporasynyng ókili, qazaq últtyq-mәdeny ortalyghynyng je­tekshisi Qanatbek Smaghúlov atamekennen kelgen qonaqtardy aldymen Q.Sәt­baev atamyz­dyng eskertkishine aparatyn dәstýrdi qa­lyptas­ty­­rypty. Biz de qa­lagha kirgen bette Qanysh atamyzdyng eskertkishine taghzym ettik.

Sibir әu bastan-aq Reseydegi qay pat­shanyng túsynda da jer audaryl­ghandar­dyn, elden alastatylghandardyn, sayasy qughyn kórgenderding mekeni bolghan. Búl ólkeni iygergenderding biri de solar. Al 1917 jyldan bastap qyzyl imperiyalyq sayasat kezinde Kenes Odaghyna pighyly qarsy degenning bar­lyghyn osynda toghyt­ty. Gulag-tyng kartasynda Tom oblysynda tórt lageri orna­lasqan. Ghalym Ómirhan Ábdimanúlynyng "Ahmet Baytúrsynov" atty kitabynda Ahannyng qyzy Sholpan aityp bergen estelik keltiriledi: "Badriy­safa sheshem ekeumizdi de tútqyndady. Men onda on eki jasta bolatynmyn. So­dan 1931 jyldyng 13 yanvarynda etappen Tom qalasyna aidap jiberdi. Múnda jer au­darylghandargha arnalghan kóshede túr­dyq. Áli esimde, Beregovaya kóshesi, ýy nómiri-2", deydi Sholpan apay. Sodan balany anasynan bóledi de Badrisafany Krivoshein audanynyng Jukovo derevnya­syna jiberedi. Al sol kezde Tom qala­syn­da medisina institutynda oqyp jýrgen Gýlnar apay (Dulatova) esteliginde 1932 jyly qazan aiynda Badrisafany parohodpen alyp ketkenin jazady. "Priys­tani­nyng basynda ústamaly auruy qayta-qayta ústay bergen әjemdi parohodqa sýiemeldep otyr­ghyz­dyq. Sholpan ekeumiz kózimizding jasyn sorghalatyp, әjemmen qoshtasyp ýige oraldyq", deydi Gýlnar apay. Sonda 1931 jyldyng basynda kelgen Badrisafa men Sholpan 1932 jyldyng qazan aiyna deyin, yaghny bir jyl toghyz ay Tom qalasynda túrghan. Negizi HIH ghasyr basynda eki Beregovaya kóshesi Tom ózenin jaghalay birine biri jalghasyp jatqan. Olardy 1938 jyly biriktirgen. Beregovaya kóshelerinde kópesterding traktirleri, dý­ken­deri ornalasady. Osy kóshede sayasy qughyndaghy adamdar, jer audarylghandar ýy jaldap túrghan. Olardyng qatarynda Ya.Sverdlov, V.Kosarev, IY.Jiliyn, taghy basqa belgili esimder bolghan. Al Badriy­safa men Sholpan túrghan búl kóshege 70-shi jyldary osy jerde túrghylyqty túratyn Sibir tatarlarynyng qalauymen Músa Jalil aty beriledi.

Ahmetpen qol ústasyp, bas qúraghaly Bad­risafa zamannyng ókpek jelin az kór­gen joq. Óitkeni Ahang neshe ret abaqtygha otyrdy, anduda boldy. "Tóresi" kýizel­gende Bad­risafanyng da jýregi qan jy­lady. Jany sýiip, ýide jaghdayyn jasap, qabaghyn baq­qan erining 1930 jyly atu jazasyna ke­silgenin, odan keyin on jyl konslagerimen auystyrghanyn estu onyng tóbesinen jay týsirdi. "Aldyn - jalyn, artyn - múz" etken zaman. Kýizelis, sa­nany sendeltken qor­qynyshqa endi búryn kórip-bilmegen Sibirding suyghy, uayymy qosyldy. Jalpy, Narym ónirine búl kezderi jer audarylghandardy jan-jaqtan vagondap tasyghan edi. Múndaghy jaghday tipti nashar bolatyn.

- Narym ónirine tek 30-shy jyldarghy sayasy qughyn-sýrgin kezinde 400 mynday adam jer audarylghan. Búl shamamen aitqandaghy ghana san. Óitkeni, sol kezdegi alasapyranda tirkelmegender de jetedi. Olar týrli sanattaghy adamdar edi. Kópshiligi dýniye-mýlki tәrkilenip, jer audarylghan baylar, orta sharualar bo­latyn. Ásirese, Ukrainadan, Belorussiya­dan jәne Baltyq boyynan kóp keldi. Olardy vagondap tógip, otbasylarymen aghash­tyng arasyna, ózenning jaghasyna apa­ryp tastaghan. Qolda qúraly ne azyq-tý­ligi joq olar ashtan, suyqtan óldi, - deydi Tomdaghy sayasy repressiya qúrbandaryna arnalghan "Memorial" muzeyining diyrek­tory Vasiliy Hanevich.

Ásirese, Obi ózenining tómengi aghysyn­daghy aralda bolghan jaghday kýni býginge deyin qúiqany shymyrlatady. Aleksandrov audanyna qaraytyn Nazino selosynyng ma­nynda ornalasqan búl aral Tom qala­synan 700 sha­qyrymda jatyr. Jergilikti túr­ghyndar ony "ólim araly" dep atap ketken. 1933 jyly osy jerge Reseyding ortalyq qa­lalarynan teksergende qújaty joq, azyp-tozghan, qayyr­shylanghan jәne kýdikti degen 6,5 myng adamdy barjamen әkelip tastaydy. Olargha týrmede otyrghan baukespe-baskeserlerdi de qosady. Álgilerdi vagongha tiyegende de, barjamen alyp jýrgende de tamaqtandyrmaydy. Al aralda tiske basar taghy eshtene joq. Tek birneshe kýnnen keyin qap-qap ún әkelinedi. Shiyki úndy jegenderding ishi keuip, auyrady. Aqyrynda ashyqqan baskeserler adamdardy otqa qaqtap jey bastaydy. Bir aidyng ishinde araldaghy 6,5 myng adamnan myngha da jetpeytin beybaq qana tiri qalady.

- Tom jerinde osynday súmdyqtar bol­ghan. Narym ólkelik partiya komiytetining sol kezdegi núsqaushysy Velichko degen kisi joghary jaqqa, Stalinge deyin osy jantýr­shigerlik kórinisti bayandap hat jazghan. Ta­rih ghylymdarynyng doktory S.A. Kra­­sili­nikovtyng basshylyghymen biz osy aral tarihynan kóptegen qújattar jinadyq. Belgili fransuz tarihshysy Nikolya Vert "Adam jegishter araly" degen kitap ja­zypty. Ótken jyly jazda fransuz kiynematografisteri osy oqigha boyynsha derekti filim týsirdi, - deydi Vasiliy Antonovich.

Osy ónirge sayasy qughynmen jer auda­rylyp kelgenderding qújattary Tom obly­syn­daghy ishki ister basqarmasyndaghy arhiv ortalyghynda saqtauly. Badrisafa Bay­­túrsynovanyng tirkeu kartochkasyn biz osy aradan taptyq. Ashyq kók siyamen toltyrylghan qaghaz uaqyt tabymen sarghaya bastaghan. Onda 1878 jyly tughan, arnayy jer audarylghan Badrisafa Baytúrsy­novanyng Mogochino komendaturasyna berilgendigi ghana aitylghan. Badrisafa sheshemizge qatysty әri sol uaqyttyng kuәgeri bir japyraq qaghazdan kóz almay qaraymyz. Alystan, tuu sonau alystaghy saghym ara­sy­nan sheshemizdi kórip qalatynday kó­nilimiz elendep baryp basyldy. Arhiv qyz­metkerleri Resey zanyna sәikes kartoch­kany suretke týsiruge, kóshirmesin alugha rúqsat ber­medi. Al Mogochino selosy qazir Molchanov audanyna qaraydy eken. Endigi jol sonda bastady.

Ahang jaryqtyq Arhangeliskide auru men ashtyqtan azyp-tozyp, mýgedek qal­pyna jetkende de, alystaghy Badrisa­fa­nyng jaghdayyn uayymdaydy. Respublika prokurorynyng kó­­­­mekshisine 1933 jyly 6 qantarda jazghan ótinishinde: "...mening әie­lim Badrisafa Bay­túrsynova Tom gu­ber­niyasynyng Krivoshein audanyndaghy Ju­ko­vo derevnyasyna jer audarylghan. Áye­lim­ning jasy 56-da, onyng ýstine densau­lyghy da nashar, talma auruy bar, kýnine 4-5 ret ústap qalady. Ol qanday da bir jú­mys isteu bylay túrsyn, onyng ózi ózgening kómeginsiz kýnin kóre almaydy", dep qasyna barugha, qaytkende de birge bolugha súranady. Ahannyng búl tilegi oryn­da­la­dy. Ol 1934 jyly nauryz aiynda Mir­ja­qypqa jazghan hatynda 1933 jyldyng qyr­kýiek aiy­nan beri túryp jatqan meken-jayyn: "S.Mochlino, Klubnaya, d.Soygo­rova Stepana, Zap.Siyb. kray, Tomsk okr.Krivosheynsk. rayon" dep kórsetedi. Mým­kin kóshirip basqanda qate ketken boluy kerek, Ahang jazyp otyrghan selo­nyng aty Mochlino emes, Mogochino dep atalady.

Tom qalasynan jenil mәshiynemen eki jarym saghat jýrip baratyn Mogochino selosy qazir Molchanov audanyna qaray­dy. Al Krivoshein audanyndaghy Jukovo derevnyasy jolda qalady. Adamdardyng qalagha kóshuinen keyin eldi mekenderding joyylu ýderisi Tom jerine de tәn. Ju­kovoda da 5-6 ýy qalypty. Molchanov au­danynyng ortalyghynan ongha búrylghasyn 20 shaqyrym jol jýrip, shalqar dariya Obi ózeninen parom arqyly ótip, Mogo­chino selosyna keldik.

- Obi ózeninde sonau otyzynshy jyl­dary aghash tasityn barja da, jolaushylar kemesi de jýrip jatatyn. Al qazir jo­laushylar tasymaly shyghyndy jappay­tyn boluy kerek, keme jýzuin toqtatqan, - deydi osy jerding oi-shúqyryn jaqsy biletin jurnalist, ólketanushy Viktor Za­harovich Nilov. Selo Obiting dәl erneuinde ornalasqandyqtan ol kóktemde tasyghan sudan jii zardap shegetin kórinedi. Biyl da osy eldi mekenning eki kóshesin su shayyp ketipti. Ótken ghasyrdyng basynda múnda Sibirding týpkilikti halqy selipuk­terding әr jerde bir kiyiz ýy siyaqty dón­ge­lentip bóreneden salynghan kýrkeleri túra­dy eken. 1929 jyly 11 shildede Kenes Oda­ghy Halyq komissarlary kenesining "OGPU-ding enbekpen týzeu lagerileri tu­raly" qaulysy shyghady. Sonyng artynsha-aq Sibirge Kenes Odaghynyng әr shalghayy­nan senimsiz, kýdikti degen adamdar eshelondap әkeline bastaydy. Obi ózenining ong jaghalauyndaghy my batpaqty sol aidap әkelgender iygerdi, myndaghan adamdardyng sýiegi de sol batpaqta qaldy. Mogochino jer audarylghandar túr­ghan, batpaqta shirkeyge talanyp jýrip azap­ty kýnderdi ót­kizgen Obi boyyndaghy on­daghan poselke­lerding biri ghana. Qazir sol poselkelerding orny joq, al adamdar sýiekteri batpaqqa batyp ketken. Osy Mogochino selo­synyng eng ýlken túrghyny 88 jastaghy Zinaida Emeliyanovna Vlasova qariyanyng ýiining tabaldyryghynan attay bergende ylghaly kep­pegen topyraqtyng syzy betke úrdy. Otyzynshy jyldary múndaghy ýilerding barlyghy da aghashtan salynghan bolatyn. Qazirde de selonyng ýileri enseli emes, kóbisining eski ýy ekeni kózge úryp túr. Ahang men Badrisafa Mogochinoda túrghan 1933 jyly Zinaida Emeliyanovna ýshinshi synypta oqyghan edi. Ol kezde bala bolsa da tughan selosynyng tarihyn, onda bolghan oqighalardy jaqsy biledi. Joghary bilimdi, osyndaghy mektepte orys tili men әdebiye­tinen sabaq berip, zeynetkerlikke shyqqan qariyanyng boyynan mәdeniyettilik, әr sózine jauapkershilikpen qaraytyn ziyaly­lyq ta bayqalady.

- Men 1933 jyly on jasar ghana bala­myn ghoy. Esimde qalghany osynda 1925 jyly aghash óndeytin zauyt salynghan eken. Zauyttyng ashyluyna baylanysty mún­da ýy sany kóbeyip, ol 130 shaqty bol­dy. Aydalyp kelgender sol zauytta istedi. Selodaghy túrghynnyng sany tórt mynnan on myngha deyin jetken deydi, әiteuir yghy-jyghy adam óte kóp edi. Olardyng biri kelip, biri ketip jatatyn. Ahmet Baytúrsynov hatynda jazyp kór­setken Soygorovtarmen biz kórshi túrdyq.Stepan aghay elge esimi belgili, baquat túratyn, adamgershiligi mol, qayy­rymdy adam edi. Ras, kóshe ol kezde Klubnaya dep ataldy. Óitkeni sol kóshege klub sa­lyn­ghan bolatyn, qazir ol Chehov atynda. Mogochinoda komendatura jú­mys istep túrdy. Aydalyp kelgender arasyn­da kim bolmady deysiz, neshe týrli últ, tipti qytaygha deyin jýrdi. Qazaq­tardyng bo­luy әbden mýmkin dep bilemin. Biraq Soy­gorovtardyng ýiinde jer auda­­rylyp kelgenderden naqty kimderding túrghany esimde joq. Oiyn balasymyn ghoy, bay­qamadym, - deydi Zinaida Eme­liyanovna.

Endi Ahang hatynda kórsetken Stepan Soygorov kim edi? Zinaida Emeliyano­vna­­ny­ng aituyna qaraghanda, onyng últy selipuk eken. Búl Sibirdegi az halyqtyng biri. Obi boyyndaghy selipukter ózderin ostyaktar dep te ataghan. Balyq, ang aulau, olardyng terisin iylep, kiyim, ayaq kiyim tigu ostyaktardyng ata kәsibi bolghan. Aghayyndy Mihaiyl, Dmiyt­­riy, Stepan Soygorovtar baquatty jan­dar bolypty. Mogochino selosynda 1907-1908 jyldary salynghan al­ghashqy mek­tepti de jergilikti túrghyndar Soy­go­rovtar әuleti­men baylanystyrady. Oty­zynshy jylda­ry Stepan Soygorov balyq aulap, ony keptirip, Tomgha aparyp ótkizip túrghan. Úly Otan soghysy bas­talghanda ol maydangha atta­nady. Bir úly shayqasta opat bolady. Ózi soghystan kelgesin de osy Mogochinoda túryp, 1970 jyly 67 jasynda qaytys bolady.

Ahmet Mirjaqypqa Mogochinodan jazghan hatynda: "Ayyna 150 som jalaqysy bar bir oryngha iligip edim, onan da osy marttan bastap shygharyp túr" dep jazady. "Ahmet Mogochinoda qanday júmys istedi eken? Ústaz Ahang Soygorovtar mektebinde dәris berdi me?" degen oy qiyaldy jeteleydi. IYә, sayasy qughyndaghy adamdy ol kezde qay júmysta da kóp túraqtatpaghany ras. Ahan­nyng Mirja­qypqa jazghan hatynan Arhan­geliskige qara­ghan­da, salystyrmaly týrde bolsa da, Mogochinoda birshama kónili jay­langhanday ekenin bayqaymyz. Arhangelisk lagerinde bir ýzim nangha zar bolghan qayran Ahmet atamyz Badrisafasyna kelip, kó­nilin bir demdese, Obiting boyynda azyq-týlikten de asa qinalmaghangha úqsaydy.

Biz Tom oblysy boyynsha ishki ister bas­qarmasynyng aqparat ortalyghy arhiyvinen Ahmet Baytúrsynovqa qatysty qújat­qa da súrau salghanbyz. Biraq o­lardan "Tom je­rindegi bas erkinen aiyrylghandar, jer audarylghandar, ai­dauda bolghandar otyrghan oryndarda 1873 jy­ly tughan Ahmet Baytúrsynovqa qatysty esh­qanday qújat-derek tabylmady", degen ja­­uap aldyq. Al Nikolay Kucherenosovtyng ai­tuynsha, komendatura bolghanymen jer au­­darylghan­dardyng tirkelmegeni jeterlik kórinedi.

- Sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandarynyng úrpaqtary Mogochinoda bolghan atalary­nyng deregin izdep, bizding redaksiyagha da jazyp jatady. Alasapyran uaqytta Al­tay­dan jer audarylghan 100 otbasy da eshqan­day tizimde bolmay shyqty. Búl oty­zynshy jyldary sayasy qughyn-sýrgin kórgender әkelingen Narym ólkesining bir púshpaghy ghana. Al sol kezdegi ortalyq Kolpashevoda bolghan. Adamdardy bir jer­den bir jerge tasyghan. Ol kezdegi qújatqa saldyr-salaqtyqtyng týbine jete almaysyn, - deydi Nikolay Vasilievich.

Ahang Arhangeliskiden 1933 jyldyng shil­desinde kelgen son, Badrisafa ekeui sol kezdegi Krivoshein audanyna qarasty Ju­kovo men Mogochinoda bir jylgha juyq ua­qyt túrghan siyaqty. Qos múnlyq 1934 jyly qazanda aryp-ashyp Almatygha jetken edi.

Tanym isi

Tom qalasynyng ortalyghynda sayasy qu­ghyn-sýrgin tarihynyng memorialdyq muzeyi bar. Ol NKVD-nyng 20-40-shy jyldarghy ter­geu týrmesine ornalasqan. Ghimarattyng bi­rin­shi, ekinshi qabatynda tergeushiler otyryp­ty, al jertólesinde tergeu kamera­­lary or­­na­las­qan. Jertóle-muzeydegi ka­me­ralardyng sol uaqyttaghy qalpy, olar­dyng auyr temir esikterine deyin saqtalghan. Jertólege týse bergende salqyn syz betti qabady. Muzey qyzmetkerlerining aituynsha, múnda jiyr­ma shaqty kamera bolghan. Qazir olardan Kom­munistik partiya biylep-tóstegen uaqyttyng nyshandarynyng barlyghy - Le­niyn, Staliyn, Ejov siyaqty sayasy qayrat­ker­lerding suretterin, mýsinderin, komsomol, oktyabryat tósbelgilerin, ordenderdi, tulardy, sayasy ýgit, nasihat qú­ral­daryn kóresiz. Ál­em­dik sahnadan ketken, kýni ótken qoghamdy kóz aldyna әkeledi. Edeni múzday sement, shynjyrmen baylanghan aghash tósek qoyyl­ghan kelesi bir kameradan jýrekti múzdatqan bir suyqtyq seziledi. Otyzynshy jyldary qamalyp, tergelgender dәl osy kameralarda otyrghan, olargha 15-20 adamnan toghytqan.

1896 jyly búl ghimarat 2 klastyq diny mektep ýshin salynghan eken. Oqu orny 1910 jyly jabylyp qalady da, 1923 jyly mem­lekettik qauipsizdik komiyteti búl ýidi ózining júmysyna layyqtaydy. Ýiding jertólesi ter­geu izolyatoryna ai­na­lady. Osy mýzeyding aldyndaghy gýlzar­da otyzynshy jyldary Tom oblystyq NKVD basqarmasy ornalasqan. Eki ghiy­marattyng arasyn jer asty qúpiya jolmen qosqan. Ústalghandardy aldymen bas­qarmagha aparyp, jer asty joly arqyly tergeu izolyatoryna әkelip otyrghan. Al tergeu ayaqtalghan song qaytadan jerding astymen NKVD bas­qarmasyna aparyp, sol jerden ne lagerilerge, ne jer au­darugha, ne atugha ýkim shyqqan.

- Osydan bes jyl búryn muzeyge jóndeu júmystaryn jýrgizgende ghana osy jer asty jolynyng bolghanyna kózimiz anyq jetti. Biraq ol topyraqpen toltyrylyp, betondalyp tastal­ghan. Jóndeu júmystary kezinde ony shamamyz jetkenshe arshyp kórdik. Qazghan jerden myltyqtyng oqtaryn taptyq. Atu jazasy osy jer asty qúpiya jolynda da jýzege asqan degen qorytyndy jasadyq. Aldaghy uaqytta osy joldy týgel arshyp, ony da muzeyge qossaq, ke­lushilerge kórsetsek degen oiymyz bar, - deydi osy muzeyding diyrektory Vasiliy Hanevich.

Ótken ghasyrdyng 80-shi jyldarynyng ayaghynda bastalghan jariyalylyq kezinde Tomda jiyrma-otyzynshy jyldardaghy sodyr sayasattyng qúrbandary turaly qo­ghamdyq pikirler kóterile bastaydy.1988 jyly "Memorial" qoghamdyq úiymy qú­rylady. 1989 jyly oblystyq jәne qa­lalyq kenester deputattarynyng sheshimimen "Tom jerinde stalindik qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn este qaldyru turaly" jergilikti biylikting qaulysy qabyldanady. Túrghyn ýige ainalyp ketken NKVD týr­mesi muzeyge qaytaryldy, al aldyndaghy gýlzargha sayasy repressiya qúrbandaryna arnap eskertkish qoyyldy.

Vasiliy Antonovich Hanevichti osy qa­siy­­et­ti orynnyng shyraqshysy dese bolar. Ol ózining ekonomist mamandyghyn tastap, osynda kelgen, kelmegen-au, muzeydi ózi qolymen qúrghan, repressiya jyldaryn zerttegen. Mýmkin stalindik sayasy qughyn-sýr­ginning jazyqsyz qúrbany bolghan ata­la­rynyng aruaghy da ony osy iske bel baylatsa kerek. Polyak últynyng ókili Vasiliy An­tonovichting әuletinen 9 adam repressiya qúr­bany bolyp, aidalghan, atylghan. Ózi ósken Belostok selosy tu­raly 1993 jyly "Be­los­tok tragediya­sy" atty kitaby jaryq kórgen.

- Men tughan Belostok selosynda tek polyak últy ghana túrghan. 1937 jyly onda erkek kindiktining barlyghyn, yaghny jýzden asa adamdy bir týnde ústap әketip, atyp jibergen. Bizding bala kezimizde seloda tek kempirler ghana jýretin, ýlken shaldar bolmaytyn. Onyng aqiqatyn keyin bildik, - deydi ol. Osy jerde aita ketetin bir jayt, Soygorovtardyng úrpaq­tarynan da, Vasiliy Hanevichten de qa­nyqqany­myz­day, jergilikti kónekózder sol bir dau­yldy jyldardyng súmdyq­taryn auyzgha ala bermeydi eken.

- Alghashynda ýlken kisiler otyzyn­shy jyldar turaly aitugha qorqyp, ózi­mizge kýdikpen qarap jýrdi. Keyinirek jergilikti gazetterde aqiqat anyq jazyla bastaghanda eptep sheshilgendey boldy. Bәribir olar sol jyldardy eske alugha onsha niyetti emes edi, - deydi muzey diy­rek­tory. Sol siyaqty Soygo­rov­tardyng neme­re-shóbereleri de atasy men әjesinen osy taqyrypqa eshqanday әngime estimegenin aitady. Mogochino­da­ghy orta mektep mú­ghalimderi de ózderining tughan selo tarihyn balalargha aitudy, zert­tetudi, jazdyrudy endi bastapty. Adam qany Obi ózenine aqqan jerde ta­riyhqa sylbyrlyq tanyt­qanyna tanghalgha­nymyz ras.

- Men arhiv materialdarynan bayqa­gha­nym, atylghan, lagerilerge aidalghan adam­­dar­dy tergeushiler top-tobymen jó­nel­tip otyr­ghan. Bәrin de formalidy jasaghan. 64 adamgha bir protokol, 100 adamgha bir protokol jasaghan qújatty oqydym. Tútqyndalghandardyng sany ghana qajet bolghan, olardyng kinәsining bary-joghy eshkimdi de tolghandyryp jatpaghan, atylatyndar da, lageride otyratyndar da jospar boyynsha jazalanghan. Tom jerine aidalyp kelgen 90 myng otbasynyng isi әli qarausyz, kompiuterge de engizilmegen, - deydi ol.

Tom oblysyna, jalpy Narym ólke­sine jer audarylghan әielder az bolmaghan. Tipti muzeyde atu jazasyna kesilgen әielderding sureti de kezdesedi.

- Aydauda eng aldymen azap shekken әielder, balalar jәne qart kisiler bolghan. Er adamdar kóbine lagerilerde otyrdy, olardyng kórgeni azaby da az emes, auyr júmystargha jegildi. Biraq әiteuir soqa bas­tary ghoy, lajynsha tyghyryqtan aman shy­ghugha tyrysty. Al әielderding balalary bol­dy. NKVD tergeushilerine, týrme qyzmet­kerlerine olar­dyng aldynda bir halyqtyng betke tútar úlysy otyr ma, anasy otyr ma bәri bir bolatyn. Áyel­der qolynda Sibir­ding suyghyna shydamay auyryp ólgen ba­lalaryn barjadan sugha laqtyryp jibergen nemese ózen jaghasyna jerdi shúqyp kómip ketken. Al ol kezde әielderding kóbi ýiden shyqpaghan, sauatsyz boldy. Búl olardyng basyna týsken nәubetting qasiretin qalyn­data týsti, - deydi Vasiliy Hanevich.

Kóz aldymyzgha taghy da Badrisafa she­she­miz elesteydi. Tumasa da, tughannan beter bolghan on eki jasar Sholpannan bólip tas­taghanda jýregi qalay qansyrady eken?..Talmasy ústap kemege zorgha mindi-au.

- Badrisafa qalay degenmen de seloda, adamdardyng arasynda boldy. Olardy ýilerge jatqyzdy. Ahmet ekeuining Tom­nan aman-esen tiri qaytuynyng basty sebebi sol. Al vagondarmen Ukrainadan, Bal­tyq boyynan, Reseyding basqa aimaqta­rynan әkelgen adamdardy aghash arasyna tókken. Tom jerinde negizinen qyrylghan da solar, - deydi Vasiliy Antonovich.

- Qazaqstanda stalindik qughyn-sýrgin qúr­bandaryn eske alu kýni belgilengen, kóp­tegen qalalarynyzda olargha arnalghan eskertkish bar ekeninen habardarmyz. As­ta­na­daghy monumentke shetelden kelgen mәr­te­beli qonaqtar gýl shoqtaryn qoyyp ja­tady. Tarihtyng búl aqtandaghyna sizding elde memlekettik dengeyde kónil bólinedi eken. Búl jaqsy, - dedi Vasiliy Anto­novich tamsanyp...

IYә, "myng ólip, myng tirilgen" qazaq eli­ne búlay istemeske de bolmas. Staliyn­dik sayasy qughyn-sýrginning myndaghan qúr­ban­da­ry, halqymyzdyng sypyrylyp ketken qaymaghy kórgen tamúqtan úrpaqty abay­lau ýshin de úly Ahmet atamyz ben Badrisafa sheshemizding aruaghyna myng taghzym etemiz.

Qostanay-Tom-Qostanay.

Suretterde: 1. 30-jyldardaghy la­geri­ding kórinisi; 2. Zinaida Vlasova Mogochino selo­synyng eng qart túrghy­ny; 3. "Memo­rial" muzeyining kireberisi; 4. Gulag kartasy.

Nәzira JÁRIMBETOVA.

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