(Jalghasy. Basy ótken sandarda)
Deshti Qypshaq ýileri turaly derekterde bylgharyny auyzgha alu kezikpeydi, olar kiyizben ghana tútylghan. Tek han ordasy men ishinara bay-súltandar ghana kiyiz ýiding syrtyn atlaspen qaptatqan. Óz enbekterinde týz tirligin sý­yis­penshilikpen bayandaytyn Ibn Ruzbihan da (XVIgh.) búl orayda qúndy derekterdi kóldeneng tarta­dy: «Qazaqtar jaz boyy shyghandap ketken alys jaylaulardan qystaqqa qúlaghanda, olardyng qaraqúrym maldaryna su jetispeydi, sondyqtan olar qar týse qozghalady. Ýileri donghalaqty arba ýstinde. Týie men attar olardy bir týnemeden ekinshi týnemege sýirep jýredi. Aralary bir qadamnan aspay, birining sonynda biri qazday tizilip kóshedi. Búl keruenning bas-ayaghynyng úzaqtyghy 100 monghol farsaghynday bo­lady. Arbaly ýileri jazghy shól dala jolyna da, qys­qy qarly jolgha da beyimdelgen, әitpese olar susyz shólden, suyqtan jan saqtay almay, qyrylyp qalar edi».

(Jalghasy. Basy ótken sandarda)
Deshti Qypshaq ýileri turaly derekterde bylgharyny auyzgha alu kezikpeydi, olar kiyizben ghana tútylghan. Tek han ordasy men ishinara bay-súltandar ghana kiyiz ýiding syrtyn atlaspen qaptatqan. Óz enbekterinde týz tirligin sý­yis­penshilikpen bayandaytyn Ibn Ruzbihan da (XVIgh.) búl orayda qúndy derekterdi kóldeneng tarta­dy: «Qazaqtar jaz boyy shyghandap ketken alys jaylaulardan qystaqqa qúlaghanda, olardyng qaraqúrym maldaryna su jetispeydi, sondyqtan olar qar týse qozghalady. Ýileri donghalaqty arba ýstinde. Týie men attar olardy bir týnemeden ekinshi týnemege sýirep jýredi. Aralary bir qadamnan aspay, birining sonynda biri qazday tizilip kóshedi. Búl keruenning bas-ayaghynyng úzaqtyghy 100 monghol farsaghynday bo­lady. Arbaly ýileri jazghy shól dala jolyna da, qys­qy qarly jolgha da beyimdelgen, әitpese olar susyz shólden, suyqtan jan saqtay almay, qyrylyp qalar edi».

Edil jaghalauyndaghy Sarayda, Jayyq irgesindegi Sarayshyqta bolghan XIV ghasyr jihankezi arab Ibn Battuta búl ónir túrghyndarynyng arbamen kóshetinderin aita kelip: «Búl kólikti olar «araba» dep ataydy» dep jazady. Ózge derekkózder búl tasymal kóligin «telegen, gardune» deydi. Biz әngime etip otyrghan kezde Deshti Qypshaqta telegenning eki týri kóp taraghan-dy: biri - eki donghalaqty, ekinshisi - tórt donghalaqty. Olardyng auyr-jenildigine qaray jetekke týie, ógiz, at jegedi. Telegenning kósheri men tegershikterin qayynnan shabady. Telegenge qa­jetti bólshekter qayyng aghashyn iige ynghayly kókek aiynda isteydi de, qúrastyrudy jaz boyy atqara beredi (Istoriya Kazahstana v arabskih istochnikah..., 209-210-bb.). Sharf ad-din Aly Iazdy búl ýilerdi «kóterme» dep atapty. 1391 jyly Aqsaq Temir Qypshaq qalasy arqyly Toqtamysty jazalau maqsatymen atqa qonghanda osy «kótermelerdi» paydalanghan eken. Iazdy olardy búzyp bólshektemey, ayaldaghanda arbadan týsirip jerge qoyatynyn, jolgha qayta jinalghanda arbagha tútas kýiinde kóterip salatynyn bayan etedi. 1509 jyldyng qysynda Múhammed Shaybanidyng tosynnan shabuylgha shy­ghyp, Jәnibekting úly Jәnish súltan auylynyng ýstinen týskeni belgili. «Mihman-name-iy Búhara» jazbasy osy jaghdaygha oray: «Qazaqtar kóshkende arbagha ornyqtyryp alatyn kiyiz ýilerding tóbesi kórindi» dep suretteydi. Al Ibn Ruzbihan bolsa, ózine tәn elgezektigimen jelpine bayandaydy: «Ah, qanday shatyrlar desenizshi, shyrqau biyikpen talasqan qorghandar, әue kenistiginde shayqalghan әde­mi kýmbezder». IY.Barbaro da taqyrypty óz kózi kuә bolghan úsaq-týiektermen bayyta týsedi. Baqsaq, arbagha tigiletin kiyiz ýilerding tabany tómendegidey tәsilmen isteledi eken: «Eni bir jarym qadamday myqty aghash shenber isteydi de, ýlken jarty shenber syryqtardy qatar-qatar osy shenberge bekitedi. Olardyng aralaryna toqyma shy tóseydi. Ýstin tekemet ne alashamen jabady». IY.Barbaronyng aituynsha, toqtaghan jerde ýidi jerge týsirip alady.
Búl taqyrypqa qalam tartqan bayyrghy avtor­lardyng kuәlandyruynsha: ýilerding torkózdengen jeldetkishi jәne ong-órnekpen bezendirilgen perde japqyshy bolghan. Jyljymaly ýiding ýlken-kishiligi otaghasynyng dәuletine tikeley baylanysty edi. Ádet­te, súltandar men dala shonjarlary ýiining ishi-syrty qolóner sheberlerining kórmesindey kóz jauyn alatyn әri kendigi sonshalyq - 20-30 qonaq emin-erkin syiyp ketetin. Qatardaghy jay adamnyng ýii arba túrpatyna úqsaghan úzynshaq bolyp kelgen. Olardyng syrt súlulyghynda kemistik joq-ty. «Arbadaghy jyljymaly ýilerdin» qarapayym әdemiligi sonshalyq - tanghalghannan basyng ainalmasqa shamang joq» dep jazady ony kózimen kórgender (Klyashtornyy S.G., Sultanov T.IY., 333-b.).
Arbany sýireytin at ne týiening bireui erleuli, ashamayly bolady. Kóshi-qon bastaushy soghan oty­ryp ap, qamshymen jetektegi januardy jasqap, qolyndaghy úzyn syryqpen olardy jolgha salyp, qaqpaylap otyrady. Keruen tóniregi salt attylardan qúrghamaydy. Asularda arbalargha arqan baylap, atpen sýiresedi, al yldigha qúlaghanda arttan tartyp, shegerip otyrady.
Kóshti qarsy kezikken ózen suynan ótkizetin de - osy adamdar. Kóshpeliler negizinen dalalyq ólkelerdi mekendegen týz adamdary bop eseptelgenmen, sudan ótuding qyr-syryn ózen-kól túrghyndarynan artyq bilmese, kem bilmegen. Jau ótpeytin qalqa dep esepteletin shyghystaghy әigili Saryózen-Huanheden, batystaghy Edil, Múnanay (Dnepr), Dnestrlerden toqtamay, әp-sәtte ótken. Kóshpeli elding sudan ótu tәsili alghash ret «Oghyz-namede» kórinis tabady. Lәshkerimen Edilge kelip manday tiregen Oghyz qaghan aldarynda kese-kóldeneng shalqyp jatqan telegeydi kórip, kidirip qalady. «Ne amal qylamyz?» dep nókerlerinen aqyl súraghanda, Úlyq Orda degen bir qolbasy «salmen ótu kerek» dep, jaghalau jynysynan quraghan aghashtardy jiystyra bastaydy. Búl kisige Oghyz qaghan «Qypshaq», yaky «Qu aghash» degen esim beredi.
Arab, parsy, Europa jihankezderi qypshaq jauyn­gerlerining jalpaq Edilden qas-qaghymda toqtal­may ótetinderin tanyrqay jazady. Teri qap­shyqqa qaru-jaraq, kiyimderi men er-túrmandaryn salyp, auzyn myqtap buyp, at qúiryghyna baylaydy eken de, ózi at jalyna jarmasyp toqtausyz óte shyghady. Jaugershilik zamanda ýstine kiygen sauytpen, er-túrmanmen ózenge qoyyp ketetin jan-dәrmen sәtter jii kezigedi. Sonda arqasyndaghy auyr salmaqtan at sugha batpau ýshin týzdikterding ne isteytinin Ábilghazy bahadýr jazyp qaldyrghan. Múnday jaghdayda bir ayaqpen ýzengide túryp, ekinshi ayaqty at qúiryghyndaghy qúiysqangha kepteydi de, bir qolmen tizgin ústaghanda, ekinshi qolmen erding artqy qasyn bar salmaqpen basady. Sonda attyng moyyny sudan qúryqtay kóterilip, jýzip beredi (Ábilghazy. Týrik shejiresi. Almaty, 1992, 183-b.).
Tana kentining túrghyny, venesian kópesi IY.Barbaro 1436 jyly Úlyq Múhammed hannyng Donnan ótkenin óz kózimen kórip, esteligine engizgen. «Búl ghajapty óz kózinmen kórip túryp sener-senbesindi bilmeysin! - dep tanyrqaydy IY.Barbaro. - Qarbalasu degen joq, eshbir aighay-shusyz qara jerding jolymen jýrgendey, ózennen óte shyqty. Ózennen ótu tәsili tómendegidey: aldyn ala adam jiberip, ózen jaghalauynan qu aghash jinatyp, sal istetedi. Sosyn qamys jinatyp, budyrady. Olardy aghash saldyn, arbalardyng astyna kepteydi. Sal men arbalardy ózennen attar sýirep ótedi (Barbaro y Kontariny o Rossii. K istoriy italo-russkih svyazey v XV v. L., 1971, 150-151-bb.) Túrmystyq-etnografiyalyq mәni bar әngimeni Ózbek han qatyndarynyng sәn-saltanatymen bitirse de bolady. «Patsha qatyndary kýimemen jýredi. Kýime shatyry altyndalghan jibek matadan ne oimyshtalyp, syrlanghan aghashtan. Kýimeni sýireytin attar jibek jabuly. Attardyng birining arqasynda otyrghan aidaushy jas bozbalany úlaqshy dep ataydy. Kýimedegi qatynnyng ong jaghynda әjeptәuir egdergen kәri әiel, ony úlyqqatyn dep ataydy, sol jaghynda qúdjyqqatyn (kiyindirushi) atalatyn egde әiel. Qatynnyng qarsy aldynda jýzikting kózinen ótken súlu, jap-jas alty qyz. Búl alty qyz kezek-kezek arqalaryn sýiep oty­ru ýshin syrt jaqtarynda teris qarap taghy da eki qyz otyr. Qatynnyng basynda ýkilengen, qymbat asyl tastarmen bezendirilgen tәti, ýstinde altyn-kýmis, asyl tastan kóz qaryqqan jenil jelbegey shapan. Úlyqqatyn men qúdjyqqatynnyng bastarynda zerli kiymeshek. Qyzdardyng basynda ýki taghylghan, tóbesi asyl tastarmen bezendirilgen tebetey. Bәri de asyl tastary jarq-júrq etken kóilek kiyedi. Qatyn kóshinde sәndi kiyingen on-on bes shaqty vizantiya nemese ýndi bozbalalary, olardyng qolynda altyn, kýmis ne zerlengen asatayaq. Qatyn kóshining sonynda 100-ge tarta arba. Olardyng әrqaysysynda jibek kiyingen tórt-bes qyzmetshi әiel. Onyng sonynda týie, ógiz jegilgen 300-ge juyq arba, onda qatynnyng qazyna, kiyim-keshegi, dýniye-mýlki, as-suy». Ibn-Battuta Ózbek han patshayymdarynyng kóshin osylay surettegen (Istoriya Kazahstana v arabskih istochnikah. Tom I. Almaty, 2005, 219-220-bb.).

Lәshkeri

Noghayly lәshkeri turaly sóz etkende basqa elderdegidey kýni-týni soghys tәsiline jattyghatyn, tarqap ketpeytin, kazarmalyq jaghdaydaghy jauynger qúramalardy elestetu artyq bolady. Noghayly lәshkeri - joryq kezinde jinalyp, joryq bitken song ýidi-ýiine taraytyn jasaq. Jasaq pen sap týzegen mashyqty lәshkerding aiyrmasy kóp, songhysynyng artyqtyghy kópe-kórneu. Alayda Noghayly, Deshti Qypshaq júrty lәshker jasaqtaudyng jasaq tәsiline den qoydy.
Kýrdeli dala tirligi balalardy qarshadayynan-aq jauyngerlik jolgha qalyptastyrady. Týz balasy 4-5 jasynan at arqasynda oinap, sadaq tartyp, anshylyq qúrugha mashyqtandy. Olar ystyqqa, suyqqa, shólge tózimdi bop ósti. Dala úldarynyng jankeshti tózimdiliginde shek joq-ty. Mәselen, orys salt attylary kýnine 30 shaqyrymdy, suyt jýrgende 60 shaqyrymdy daghdygha ainaldyrsa, qyr týlek­teri bir tәulikte at almastyryp, 500 shaqyrymdy artqa qaldyryp otyrdy. Búl jaghynan Noghayly úlandary orys әskerinen de, Orta Aziya jauynger qúramalarynan da әldeqayda oralymdy.
Noghaylynyng batys shekarasy Astrahaninan tu sonau teristiktegi Búlghar, Mohshagha deyingi aralyqty qamtydy. Edilding sol jaghalauynda ótkel-ótkelderde qarauyl qostary túrdy. Shoqy, biyik tóbelerde ot jaghyp, belgi beretin oshaqtar boldy. Ár rudyng jasaghy kezektesip kýzet qyzmetin atqardy. Olardyng kezek tәrtibin, mindetterin qalay atqaratynyn núradyn ne sol kensening qyzmetkerleri baqylady. Sauda keruenderi núradyn kensesining rúqsatynsyz jәne keden salyghyn tólemeyinshe óte almady. Shekaradan ótu sharttary oryndalghan son, kense jasauyldarynyng bastauymen baratyn jerlerine jetkizildi. Shyghys tarapta da kýzet qostary boldy. Onyng eng shalghayy Núradagha Tataghay qamaly edi. Búl qarauyl Qazaq, Sibir handyghyndaghy qoz­ghalystardy baqylady. Tashkent-Isker ke­ruen jolymen Sibir handyghyna ótetin keruen­nen keden salyghyn jinau osy qarauyldyng minde­tinde boldy. Shyghystaghy ekinshi shekaralyq kýzet qosy Qazalyda ornalasty. Qazaly kenti osy attas Noghayly ruynyng atymen atalghan. Búl kýzet Búhar-Tómen-Isker keruenshilerinen salyq jinady. Al ontýstik taraptaghy qarauyl - Ýstirt­te ornalasyp, Sarayshyq-Horezm keruen jolyn kýzetti. Shyghys jәne ontýstik taraptaghy shekara kýzetining basshysy men kýzet kensesin - keyquat dep atady. Shyghys taraptaghy shekara kýzeti keyquat kensesi basshylyghymen auystyrylyp túrdy. Olar ru jasaqtarynyng kýzet júmysyna dayyndyghyn, әskery mashyqtarynyng qay dәrejede ekendikterin, qaru-jaraqtarynyng saylyghyn baqylap otyrdy. Tata-ghayda, Qazalyda, Sherqalada keyquat kensesi boldy. Rulyq jasaqtar sol kenseni kýzetuge jәne shekara­nyng amandyghyn baqylaugha keldi. Rulyq jasaqtar batyrlardyn, qosaghalardyng jetekshiligimen ýnemi әskery jattyghular ótkizdi. Jasaqqa engender auyl arasynyng mal baghu, qúdyqtan su tartu, jýn qyrqu degen siyaqty kýibeng tirligine aralaspay, qarauyldan bos kezderinde rubasylardyng núsqaularyn oryndap, kóshi-qony kezinde sholghynshy mindetin atqardy.
Ru jasaghyna bir ýiden bir adam alyndy. By lәshker jighanda әr úlystyng sarbazynyng sany týtin sanyna say boluyn talap etti.
Búl bir ýikýshik bolmay, týs qatyp, týz kezgen jortuyl, alamandyq, batyrlyq airyqsha dәriptelgen kez edi. Ýide ólgennen góri jauda ólgen artyq sanaldy. Qarsylastyng az-kóbin eskermey, jaugha jalghyz shabatyn serilik asqaqtap túrdy. Toqtamys úly Qadyrberdi aibaty ainalany búqtyrghan dala kókjaly Edigemen ólispey-berispes kýreske bekinip, at arqasyna qonyp, Edil-Jayyq arasyn ala shang qylghanda bar-joghy on alty jasta edi. Mine, osy shyghandap shyrqaghan alamandyq ruh - «Qyrymnyng qyryq batyry» jyr toptamasynyng tuuyna múryndyq boldy.
Erlik, batyrlyq ýrdisimen Noghaylyda temir ústasy, zergerlik óneri qosa-qabat damydy. Jaugha kiyetin sauyt-sayman: kóbe, aimauyt, sharayna, beren, jensiz sauyttargha súranys kóbeydi. Temir ton (pansiri) soghushylar da az bolmady. Temir tonnyng jýzbat, bórle siyaqty týrleri erekshe baghalandy. Dulygha, qalqan, kuyavke (iyq qalqany), shynjyr qolghaptardyng neshe týrleri ómirge keldi. Osy kezde maydangha shygharda sauyttyng astynan kiyiz jeyde - kebenek kii dәstýrge ainalady. «Kebin kiygen kelmeydi, kebenek kiygen keledi» degen mәtel osyghan oray aitylsa kerek.
Jaugershilik shabuyl qúraldarynyng da týr-týri sheberlerding qolynan shyqty. Orystyng eki jýzdi semserinen kem týspeytin semser­ding aldaspan, narkesken, nayzanyng qonyrauly sýngi, baldaqty sýngi, yrghaqty sýngi týrleri qoldanysta boldy. Betpe-bet kelgen qoyan-qoltyq arpalystarda qayqy qylysh, aibalta, shoqpar, soyyl, qanjar, gýrzi, baldaq qoldanyl-dy. Dala jauyngerlerining basty qaruy bayaghysha sadaq, jaq pen jebe bop qala berdi. Jaqtyng qúrama jәne tútas týrleri boldy. Qúrama jaqtyng serippesi qodas mýiizinen isteldi. Al jaqtyng eng kóp taraghan týri qaraghay men qayynnan iyilgenderi edi. Jaqtardy aghash bútaqtaryna nәr jýgirip, synbay iyiletin kóktem kezinde qazyqtargha kerip, búraulap iydi. Sadaq negizinen qayyng syryqtarynan isteldi. Olardyng qos qyrynan qús qauyrsynyn japsyrdy. Noghayly, jadynan týsirip aldy ma, ghúndardyng ýrey tughyzatyn zarlauyq oqtary men týrki zamanynyng kón sadaqtaryn qoldanbady. Tek beride Qúdaybergen batyr sadaqtyng osynau kóne týrin qoldanghandyqtan «Kón sadaqty Qúdaybergen» atanghan. Eskilikte tu sonau Arghyn ózeninde qaraghaydy qúlatyp sugha tastasa, bir-eki jyldan keyin onyng bútaqtary temir emes, temirden bir kem emes qasiyetke ie bolghan. Odan sadaqqa jebe, keyde tútas oq jasaghan; kón sadaq tirkesining arghy tegi osyghan baylanysty shyqsa kerek.
Auyzeki әngimeler men auyz әdebiyeti nús­qalarynda súr jebe, qozy jauyryn, kóbe búzar, shoran oq degen týrleri kezdesedi.
Negizgi qaru - nayza, sadaq, semser, qylysh, shoqpar, qanjarmen birge әr sarbazdyng qorjynynda ara, biz, iyne, arqan, is balta, qosymsha 10 jebe, susyn qúyatyn torsyq, minis atynan ózge jeteginde shayqasqa týsetin myqty, úshqyr, soghystyng búltarys-qaltarystaryna tóselgen ereuil sәigýligi, 15-20 adamgha bir kiyiz ýiden bolugha tiyisti. Ádette semserdi ong qaptalgha, qylyshty sol qaptalgha taghyndy. Onbasyda jenil shatyr, basy artyq 5 at, jýzbasyda kiyiz ýy jәne basy artyq 10 at boldy (Ivanin M. O voennom iskusstve pry Chingishane y Tamerlane. Almaty, 1998, 152-b.).
Qoramsaqta 30 oq boldy. Úshtalghan ótkir bolat jebeni shybyqqa qoydyng qaryn terisimen jelimdedi. Al qoydyng isheginen sadaqtyng adyrnasyn istedi. Jauynger jaraqtary qany jerge tiymeytin ótimdi tauar qataryna jatty. Sadaqtyng qúny - at, jebe toly qoramsaqtyng qúny - qúlyn boldy. Sadaq isteushilerdi - jayshy, jebe isteushilerdi - oqshy dep atady. Noghaylyda otqaru: shamqal, pilteli myltyq, orystyng pishadary siyrek kezdesti. Zenbirek atymen bolmady. Búhar hany Abdolla lәshkeri «zanburakpen» kóptegen jenisterge jetti. Biraq Noghayly qarudyng búl týrin iygere almady. Olar mys, temir, kýkirt óndirudi bildi, biraq zenbirek jasay almady. Bayyrghy derekterde oq-dәrini fransikan monahy Konstantin Angkliysen әlde Bartolid Shvars XIV ghasyrdyng ortasynda oilap tapty delinedi. Olar óz janalyqtaryn genuezdermen shayqasyp jatqan venesiyalyqtargha habarlaydy. Fransuzdar otqarudy 1338 jyly bildi, 1346 jyly aghylshyn koroli Kresy soghysynda zenbirek qoldandy. Arabtar oq-dәrini XIII ghasyrda-aq bilgen. Gredan biyleushisi Abalval Ismail ben Asser 1312 jyly soghysta zenbirek oghyn qoldanghan. 1185 jyly qypshaq hany Konchaktyng janynda oq atatyn hazar týrigi bolghany jylnamada hattalghan. 1389 jyldan bastap nemister arqyly Rusiting qolyna jetip, qorghanys qaruyna ainala bas­tady (Karamzin N.M., kn. II, tom V, gl. 1, 69-70-bb.).
Orys jylnamalary qypshaq qauymynyng otqarudy paydalanuyn XIII ghasyrgha jatqyzady. Konchaktyng úly Yurgiyding jasaghynda shamqal tútynghan mergender bolghan. Álbette, ony ózderi shygharmaghany, sauda-sattyq jolymen arabtardan alghany belgili. Euraziya jotasynda otqarular, әsirese, zenbirekter Litva koroli Yagaylo, Vitovttarda boldy. Batys Europa shyghys shekaragha qorghan bolu ýshin olardy zenbirek, myltyqtarymen jabdyqtap otyrdy. Rusi qaruly kýshteri Litva knyazidigin talqandaghan son, Europa orys lәshkerin ózderine qalqan qylu ýshin Rossiyany qarulandyrugha kiristi. Sóitip, otqaru Reseyge keldi. Noghayly biyleri otqarudy qansha súraghanmen, orystar bermedi. Tek orys baghytyn ústanghan Ysmayylgha kómektesti. Onyng shamqalmen qarulanghan jasaghy boldy. 1627 jyl­dargha jatatyn derekter Altyúl úlysynda 100 qara­ly shamqaldy jasaq bary atalghan (Trepavlov V.V., 582-b.).
Joryqqa shyqqan noghaylylar alghashqy kýnderi 25 shaqyrymnan song kidiris jasap, at shaldyryp otyrghan. Lәshkerding az-kóptigine qaray eni 300-1000 qadam dalalyqpen, birining izine biri tizilip, «shúbalang qúiryq» tәsilimen qozghalghan. Ýlken joryqtarda sap úzyndyghy 40 shaqyrymgha deyin jetti.
Lәshker dayyndyghyn teksergende sarbazdar tórt atpen eki qatar bop qolbasshynyng aldynan tizilip ótti. Rulyq ne úlystyq qúramalardyng óz tulary boldy. Sikaliyevting auyz әdebiyeti núsqalaryna sýienip aituynsha: negizinen aq jәne sary týsti. Jayshylyqta tulardy býktep alyp jýrip, shayqas aldynda ghana kóterdi. Tularda úlystardyng jetekshi rularynyng tanbasy boldy. Tu ústaushyny - tushy, bayraqshy dep atady. Noghaylyda jәne Qazaq handyghynda qyl qúiryq tulargha airyqsha mәn berildi. Jasaq qúramynda neshe ru bolsa, sonsha túlymshaq boldy. Shayqasta tu úiymdastyrushylyq ról atqardy. Ol tóbelerinde jelbirep túrghanda, eshkim de keri sheginbedi, jaugha tótep bere almay keri lyqsugha mәjbýr bolghandar tugha qayta oralyp keletin boldy. Ýlken shayqastarda dabyl, nabat, kerney, syrnaylar da qoldanyldy.
Sheru kezinde úzyn-shúbaq bop kýnshilik jerge sozylghan jasaq jau shebine jaqyndaghanda janasha sap týzedi. Lәshkerding ýshten ekisi qolbasshynyng janyna toptalyp, qorghansa aldyrmaytyn berik qamal, shabuyldasa jau shebin jaryp óter tas-týiin temir júdyryq qúrady, al ýshten biri ong jәne sol qanatqa bólindi. Qanattar bes-alty lek qúrady. Óte shapshang qozghalyp, 40-50 shaqyrymdy erkin sholyp, baryp-kelip túrdy. Shep qúrysymen olar qúiynday domalap shapshang qozghaldy, arzugha at shaldyrghan ýzilister óte qysqa.
Qajet kezde tez sheginu nemese shegine úrys salu amaldary barynsha jetilgen edi. Orys jylnamashylary týzdikterding búl taktikasyn «qash­ty», «shegindi», «bet-betine tyraghaylady» dep ýstirt baghalaydy. Shyndyghynda, ol - úsaq-tý­yegine deyin oilastyrylghan soghys tәsili. Sheginisti aldyn ala josparlaghan jasaq túrghan jerlerinen әp-sәtte tórt tarapqa bóline qashady, 5 shaqyrymnan keyin әlgiler taghy da ýshke bólinedi. 3 shaqyrymnan keyin әlgiler taghy da ýshke ydyraydy. Sóitip, shay pisirimde (30 minutta) dala tósine taryday shashylady. Qyr tósine tórt-besten tarap ketken jasaq 40-50 shaqyrymnan keyin, belgili jerde qayta bas qosady. Sóitip, olar sondarynda iz qaldyrmay jym-jylas bolu tәsilin ghajap mengerdi.
(Jalghasy bar)

Dayyndaghan
Gharifolla ÁNES

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