HIH ghasyrdyng basynda Reseyde egindikke jaraytyn 140 mln. desyatina jer boldy. Sonyng 70 millionyn 30 myng pomeshik ózara iyelenip aldy. Al, qalghan 70 mln. desyatina jer ondaghan mln. mújyq-sharuagha jetpedi. Mújyqtar búghan narazylyq tanytyp, pomeshikterdi óltirip, býlik kóteruge deyin bardy. Resey ýkimeti búdan qútylatyn jalghyz jol: qazaqtyng jerin tartyp alyp, orys sharualaryna bólip berip, qonystandyru qajet dep tapty.

Osyny jýzege asyru ýshin orys patshasy әueli, qazaq dalasyna halyqty qyryp-joyatyn ka­zak atty әskerlerin jiberdi. N.G.Putinsev degen esaul qúrastyrghan «Hronologicheskiy perecheni sobytiy iz istoriy Sibirskogo kazachiego voy­ska» (Omsk, 1891g.) atty kitapta: «jana jerdi ja­ulap alu o basta-aq kazaktardyng (kazachestvonyn) qúzyryna tiygen edi»,-deydi.

HIH ghasyrdyng basynda Reseyde egindikke jaraytyn 140 mln. desyatina jer boldy. Sonyng 70 millionyn 30 myng pomeshik ózara iyelenip aldy. Al, qalghan 70 mln. desyatina jer ondaghan mln. mújyq-sharuagha jetpedi. Mújyqtar búghan narazylyq tanytyp, pomeshikterdi óltirip, býlik kóteruge deyin bardy. Resey ýkimeti búdan qútylatyn jalghyz jol: qazaqtyng jerin tartyp alyp, orys sharualaryna bólip berip, qonystandyru qajet dep tapty.

Osyny jýzege asyru ýshin orys patshasy әueli, qazaq dalasyna halyqty qyryp-joyatyn ka­zak atty әskerlerin jiberdi. N.G.Putinsev degen esaul qúrastyrghan «Hronologicheskiy perecheni sobytiy iz istoriy Sibirskogo kazachiego voy­ska» (Omsk, 1891g.) atty kitapta: «jana jerdi ja­ulap alu o basta-aq kazaktardyng (kazachestvonyn) qúzyryna tiygen edi»,-deydi.

Aq patsha kýlli Resey boyynsha qúrylghan 11 kazak atty әsker shebining (liniya) 4-in qazaqtyng jerine baghyttap attandyrdy. Olargha «dalada malyn baghyp, kýnin kórip jýrgen qazaqtardyng jerin kýshpen iyelenip alyndar!» degen búiryq berildi. Búl basqynshylar birneshe aidyng ishinde- aq qazaqtyng 11 610 484 desyatina shúrayly jerin qolma-qol iyemdenip aldy. Naqtyraq aitqanda: Sibir kazak әskeri 5 mln. desyatina, Oral kazak әskeri - 6 mln. desyatina, Jetisu kazak әskeri - 610 484 desyatina jerdi bauyryna basty. (S. Asfendiyarov. «Istoriya Kazahstana», Almaty, 1993, s.187). Reseylik otarlau isin zertteushi maman M.A.Terentiev 1906 jyly jaryq kórgen enbeginde, jergilikti halyqtyng jerin tartyp alghan kazaktar ony nemqúrayly paydalanyp, orman-toghayyn joq etti de, kelesi jaqsy jerdi tartyp alyp otyrdy, deydi. (M.Qoygeldiyev. «Alash qozghalysy», Almaty, 1995, 27-bet)

Búl qazaq jerin otarlaudyng birinshi tәsili. Ekinshi tәsil - Reseyding ishki ólkelerinen qazaq dalasyna kedey sharualardy kóptep qonystandyru júmysy qolgha alyndy. Memle­ket qonystanushylargha týrli jenildikter berip, artyqshylyqtar jasap otyrdy. Mәselen, 1869 jyly Týrkistan general-gubernatory K.F. fon Kaufman osy ónirge kelgen kelimsekterding jaghdayyn jaqsartudy kózdegen ólkelik Ereje qabyldady. Atap aitqanda: әrbir qonys audaru­shy er adam basyna eginshilikke qolayly 15 de­syatinadan jer bólip beru; 15 jylgha deyin alym- salyqtan bosatu; múqtaj otbasylargha 100 somgha deyin qaryz bólu..., t.b.

Osy siyaqty qara shekpendilerdi ornalastyru isi 1874 jyly Aqmola oblysynda da jana Ereje­men bekitildi. Onda әrbir kóship kelushige 18 desya­tinadan kem emes, 30 desyatinagha deyin qúnarly jer beru; bólingen uchaskilerge jergilikti qazaqtar egin egip, mal jayyna tyiym salu; jer iygerip, sharuashylyq jýrgizgen mújyqtardy artyqshylyqtargha ie etu; 10 jylgha deyin týrli alym-salyqtan bosatu..., t.b. (M.Qoygeldiyev «Alash qozghalysy», Almaty, 1995, 29-30 better)Osylay jappay qonystanu keng etek alghannan keyin patshalyq Resey biyligi kýlli qazaq jerin tolyq iyemdenu maqsatynda 1891 jyly 25 nau-ryzda: «Aqmola, Semey, Jetisu, Oral jәne Torghay oblystaryn basqaru turaly» jana Erejeni bekitti. Atalmysh qújattyng 119- babynda: «Kóshpendiler (qazaqtar) ornalasqan jerler, sol jerlerding bar baylyghy, sonyng ishinde orman-toghayy da memleket menshigi bolyp sanalady» delindi. Búl qújat qabyldanghannan keyin qazaq halqy zang jýzinde HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghynda jerinen tolyq aiyryldy. Bir sózben aitqanda, memleketting menshigine ótken jerdi kimge beredi, ýkimetting ózi biledi. Onymen qoymay, jogharydaghy Erejening 120-babynyng qosymshasynda: «kóshpendilerding artyq jerleri Mýlik ministrligine ótsin» delingen.

Jana Ereje kýshine engennen keyin qonys audarushylar ýshin arnayy jer qoryn belgileu maqsatynda (qazaqtardan tartyp alyp) 1895 jyly ýlken ekspedisiya qúryldy. Ony F.A.Sherbina basqardy. Atalmysh ekspedisiya 1896-1899 jyl­dary Torghay, Aqmola, Semey oblystarynyng jerin aralap 22 592 000 desyatina jerdi basy artyq dep tapqan. Nәtiyjesinde, Ishki ister ministrligi ja­nynan «Pereselencheskoe upravleniye» (Qonys audaru basqarmasy) qúrylyp, qazaq dalasyna qaray ash-jalanash, saqalyn sýiretken slavyan túqymdastardy susha aghyzdy. Nәtiyjesinde, 1893 jyldan 1903 jyldar aralyghynda qazaqtardan 4 mln. desyatina jer tartyp alyn­dy. 1906-1912 jyldary 17 mln. desyatina jer orys sharualaryna iyelik etuge berildi. Resey ýkimeti sharualargha agronomiyalyq kómek degen jeleumen 1908-1909 jyl­dary 550 myng som qarjy bólip, qonystanushylardyng ornyghyp otyruyna barlyq jaghdaydy ja­sady.

Otarlyq qonystandyru basqarmasynyng erekshe tap­syrmalar boyynsha sheneunigi S.N.Veleskiy «jergilikti týzemdikterge (qazaqtar) degen adamy janashyrlyq bolmauy tiyis jәne ayau­syz janyshtap, kýsh qoldanu qajet» dep ashyq mәlimdese, (QR. OMA, 19-q., 1-t, 41-is, 21-p.) patshanyng qúpiya kenesshisi, syrtqy ister ministri bolghan Nesselirod patshagha jasaghan mәlimdemesinde: «Shekaralyq shepti ishke qaray jyljytu arqyly egin egetin jerding kólemin barynsha úlghaytugha bo­lady. Ol ýshin osy arada kóship jýrgen qazaqtardy joq qylu qajet» dep úsynys jasaydy.

Qysqasy, keng kósilip jatqan qazaq dalasyn zansyz normalap, basa kóktep iyelenip alghan ot­arlaushylar búryn-sondy bolmaghan qarqynmen talaugha kiristi. Professor S.P.Shvesovtyng mәlimetine sýiensek, jogharydaghy Sherbina eks­pedisiyasy 4,4 mln desyatina qazaq jerin bólip alyp, orystardy qonystandyru qajet dep tapqan. Atap aitqanda, 1870-1905 jyldar aralyghynda syrttan keletin 169 603 adamgha arnap jana qonys dayarlansa, 1906-1909 jyldary búl san 197 232- ge jetken. Tek Jetisu ónirinde janadan pay­da bolghan orys selolary 1900-shy jyldardyng basynda-aq 100-den asyp ketken. Dala general- gubernatory Shmit 1910 jyly ortalyq ýkimetke joldaghan resmy hatynda: «Songhy 16 jylda qazaq jerine qonystanghan orystardyng sany 15 ese ósti» dep maqtanyshpen bayandaydy. (M.Qoygeldiyev, «Alash qozghalysy», Almaty, 1995 j. 45-bet)

Jerimizdi basa kóktep otarlaudyng nәtiyjesinde, jergilikti qazaq halqynyng sany kýrt azaydy. Tarih ghylymynyng doktory Marat Múqanov ózining zertteu enbeginde: «Jayylymdyqtarynan aiyrylyp, óz jerlerin daulasyp qaytara almaghan qazaqtardyng endigi tirshiligin kózge elestetip kórinizshi. Enbekshi qazaq osylay azap tauqymetin tartyp, kóptegen qazaq qauymdary Sibirge, Qytay men Mongholiyagha, Orta Aziyagha kóship ketti» dep jazady. (M.Múqanov, «Qazaq jerining tarihy» Atamúra-Qazaqstan, Almaty, 1994 j. 73-b).

Orystardyng qyspaghynan shekaralyq aimaqtarda ornalasqan qazaqtar tughan jerin tas- tap shetelderge kóshuge mәjbýr boldy. 1905-1916 jyldar aralyghynda qazaqtyng sany 12,9 payyzgha kemip ketti. Al kerisinshe janadan kóship kelgen orys sharualarynyng ýlesi 23,1 payyzgha ósipti. Naqtyraq aitqanda: HIH ghasyrdyng sonynda-aq Aqmola oblysynda ómir sýrgen qazaqtar sany 62,6 payyzdan 40,9 payyzgha, Semey oblysyndaghylar 92 payyzdan 76,9 payyzgha, Torghayda 81,3 payyz­dan 62,4 payyzgha, Jetisu ónirinde 92,9 payyzdan 80,3 payyzgha qúldyrap ketken. Búl kórsetkish ótken ghasyrdyng ayaghynda 32 payyzgha jetip tyndy. 1990-shy jyldardyng basynda Kanadada jaryq kórgen «Álem qalalary» atty kitapta: «Alma­ty deytin qalada 83,5 payyz orys últy túrady, qalghany basqa halyqtar» dep jazghanyn bilemiz.

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Otarlaushylar eng aldymen otarlap alghan jer ataularyn ózgertudi qolgha aldy. Osy maqsatty kózdegen «Týrkistan vedomstvosy» basylymy 1899 jylghy bir sa­nynda: «Qazaqtardan tartyp alynghan jerlerding bayyrghy atauyn ózgertip, oryssha at qoy kerek. Jergilikti halyqtyng (qazaqtardyn) orystargha sinisip ketuine múnyng yqpaly zor» dep jazghan eken. (M.Myrzahmetov, «Qazaq qalay orystandyryldy», Al­maty, 72-bet).

Patsha aghzam otarlanghan jerlerge Romanovtar dinastiya­syna qyzmet etken kinәzder men otarlaudy iske asyrghan әskery qolbasshylardyng esimi berilsin dep tapsyrdy. My­saly: Almaty bekinisining alghashqy aty Omby general-gubernatory Gasforttyng qyzy Veranyng qúrmetine «Verina» dep atalyp, 1867 jyly «Vernyi» dep ózgertilgen. Qazaqtar Kereku atap ketken qalashyqty, 1861 jyly gen-gub Gosford II Aleksandr patshanyng balasy Pavelding bir jasqa tolu qúrmetine oray «Pavlador» (Pavelge syi) dep ózgertti. Apostol Petr men Pavelding qúrmetine oray Qyzyljar ónirine salynghan bekiniske «Petropavlovsk» dep at berdi. Osynday otarlaudyng belgisi bolghan eldi mekender qazirgi tanda bildey-bildey eki oblystyng ortalyghy ata­nyp, myzghymay túruy óte ókinishti jaghday hәm búl qúldyqtyng qara búghauy әli de qazaqtyng moy­nynan týspegendigine dәlel.

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Osynday qiyn-qystau zamanda jerinen aiyrylghan halyq otarlauyshylargha narazylyq bildirip, tolqular payda boldy. Otarlau isining bel ortasynda jýrgen general-gubernator Ku­ropatkin jeke kýndeliginde: «Jetisu ónirindegi 1916 jylghy qazaqtardyng kóterilisine sebep bolghan basty oqigha - maydan shebine azamat alu emes, jerlerin tartyp alghandyqtan boldy», - dep ashyq moyyndaghan. Ólketanushy marqúm Bayanbay Húsayynúly «Esil óniri: tarih jәne taghylym» atty jazbasynda: 1916 jylghy kóterilis kezinde kóterilisshilerding betin qaytaru ýshin Resey ýkimeti pereselenderding ishinen 32 adamdy qarulandyryp, qazaqtargha qarsy aidap salghany aitylady.

Ontýstik ónirde ómir sýrgen Mәdy Merkishúly (1868-1924) deytin aqyn:

Kóshpendi el qazaqqa jer joq desip,

Qazaq jerin mújyqqa berdi kesip.

Sharighatsyz, nizamsyz zorlyqpenen,

Auyr jýkti moyyngha ildi tesip.

Pereselenie degen mekeme bar,

Qazaqqa bara jatyr qorlyghy ótip... - dese, qazaq últshyly Mirjaqyp Dulatov «Qazaqtyng jerleri» atty óleninde:

Kir juyp, kindik kesken qayran jerler,

Mújyqqa, qosh aman bol, barasyng ba?

Qasiyetti babamyzdyng ziraty,

Qaldy ghoy kóshesining arasynda.

Monshagha zirattyng tasyn alyp,

Aghashyn otqa, mújyq, jaghasyng da.

Taba almay bir barghanda esh belgisin,

Kózden jas kóldey bolyp aghasyng da, - dep jyrlapty.

Últ ústazy Ahmet Baytúrsynúly 1913 jyly jazghan «Qazaq jerin alu turasyndaghy nizam» atty enbeginde: «Jolsyz isterden jәbir kórip, әure bo­lyp jýrgen qazaqtar kóp. Qystau salghan jerinen aiyrylyp, qystaytúghyn jana jerdi obshestva bermey, jer alyp berip ornalastyrugha mindetti mekemeler oghan qabyrghasy qayysyp qayghyrmay otyr. Shóp shabugha, mal jayugha, egin salugha oryn tappay san­dalyp jýrgen qazaqtardy kóz kórip túr» deydi. Al, Alash qayratkeri Barlybek Syrta­nov Jetisu ólkesinde jerdi kelimsekterding talan-tarajgha salyp jatqan qimyl-әreketin toqtatu ýshin 1910 jyly qazan aiynyng 21 júldyzynda Úzynaghashta oblys qazaqtaryn jinap, arnayy kenes ótkizip: «Qarashekpendiler kýnnen kýnge bizding jerimizge qonystanuda, halimiz auyrlap barady, kýn kóru qiyngha soghyp túr, jaqsy jerding bәri qarashekpendilerding menshigine ótti, júrtynan aiyrylghan bayghús qazaq taqyr jer­ge quyldy. Auyz ashpay jatugha endi bolmas. Oyanu qajet, kir juyp, kindik kesken, atalarymyzdan qalghan jerimizdi saqtap qalu basty mindetimiz. Qarashekpendilerding keluin toqtatu ýshin býtin qazaq bolyp bas qosu qajet" dep ashy­na bayandaydy. (B. Syrtanov. "Jerdi qorghau", Barlybek Syrtanovtyng múraghaty, 1-tom, 13-bet). Sol siyaqty M.Tynyshpaev Resey ýkimetining otarlau sayasa­tyn, birinshiden, jabayy jәne taghylyq qughyn -sýrginder; qazaq tilin, әdet-ghúrypty qyspaqqa alu; qazaqtardy derbes últ retinde joyyp, qúqyqsyz, qauqarsyz, zansyz tobyrgha ainaldy­ru; halyqtyng qany tógilip, sýiegi shashylghan ata qonys jerlerinen aiyru... dep aiyptady.

Oyymyzdy qorytyndylap aitar bolsaq, patsha ýkimeti Reseydegi jer shiyelenisin qazaq jerine orys mújyqtaryn qonystandyru arqyly sheshti. Olar kóship kelgen orys sharualaryn memleketting әleumettik-sayasy tiregine ainaldyru arqyly Orta Aziyagha plasdarm ashty; qazaqtyng jer baylyghyn tonap, eldi shiykizat kózine ai­naldyrdy; orystardyng sanyn arttyru arqyly jergilikti halyqty mәngýrttendirdi; sóitip, qazaq elin Reseyding týpkilikti otaryna ainaldy­ru maqsatyn kózdedi.

Búl sayasy otarshylyq kózqaras Kenes Odaghy ornaghannan keyin de tolastaghan joq. 1917 jyly Alash Avtonomiyasy jariyalanghanda qúramynda bolghan Altay ólkesin 1920 jyly QazASSR- ding qúramynan bólip tastady. Odan keyin de kenestik otarlaushylar 1924 jyly Orynbor ólkesin, 1929 jyly Qaraqalpaq Respublikasyn Qazaqiyadan bólip alyp, alghashqysyn Reseyge, songhysyn Ózbekstangha qosyp berdi. 1955 jyldyng 12 qarashasynda N.Hrushev qol qoyghan SOKP OK Prezidiumynyng qaulysymen Bostandyq jәne Myrzashól audandary Ózbekstangha ótti. 1965 jyly taghy da Qostanay oblysynyng 1833 gek­tar asa shúrayly jerin RSFSR-ding Chelyabi ob­lysyna qosty. Keshikpey Manghystau týbegin Týrkimenstangha qosudy jos-parlap jatty. Biraq, búl qiyanat Bas hatshy Hrushevting taqtan týsip qaluyna baylanysty iske aspady.

Osylay Kenes kezinde de qazaq jerin jyrymdaudyng san týrli aila-tәsili jasaldy. Sol zamandardan sheshilmey qalyp, tәuelsiz Qazaqstangha múra bop jetken shekaralyq aimaqtardaghy jer dauynyng әserinen songhy jyldardyng ózinde birshama territoriyadan aiyryldyq. Atap aitqanda, 1994 jyldyng sәuir aiynda Qytaygha aumaghy 946 sharshy shaqyrymdyq jerdi bere saldyq. 1997 jyly taghy da (Almaty jәne Shyghys Qazaqstan ob­lystarynan) shamamen 530 sharshy shaqyrym territoriya Qytaygha ótti. 2002 jyly Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy Saryaghash audany jerining bir bóligin, Týrkistan auylyn qosyp, Ózbekstangha berdik...

Qazirgi tanda Jaratqan IYemiz endigi qalghan jerimizdi úrpaghymyzgha búiyrtsyn dep, jalbary­nyp otyrghan jayymyz bar?!

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