Redaksiya: Jaqynda Facebook әleumettik jelisinde belgili jurnalist Darhan Ábdikting avtorlyghy kórsetilgen kólemdi jazba jariyalanghan eken. Jazbany Alma Aqylbayqyzy atty jeli qoldanushysy jariyalaghan. Onda Darhan Ábdikting qazaq tarihyna, dini men qoghamyna qatysty pikirler jazylghan. Osyghan baylanysty juyrda redaksiyamyzgha Amankeldi Júmghaliyúly Saduaqasov atty azamat óz pikirin joldapty. 

Abai.kz - erkin pikir almasu alany. Múnda oy jarystyryp, pikir talastyrugha Qazaqstannyng әrbir azamaty qúqyly. Maqalada esimderi atalghan jekelegen azamattar redaksiyamyzgha pikir bildiruge niyetti bolsa, olardyng da pikirlerin jariyalaytyn bolamyz. 

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Býginde elimizding jurnalistikasyndaghy auyz toltyryp aitarlyq túlghalardyng biri - Darhan Ábdik aghamyz. Ózining ótkir de turashyl oilarymen kópshilikke tanymal jurnalist. Dese de, jaqsy jurnalisting de ózi bayqamaytyn yaky bilse de «meniki dúrys» degen menmendikke berilgen kemshilikteri bar.

Atap aitar bolsaq:

• Qoghamdy diny qaranghylyqtyng shyrmauyna batqan tobyr dep sanau;
• Ótken tarihty mansúqtap, ótkenge jiyirkenish tuyndatu, tarihy túlghalargha qatysty eshbir ghylymy dәlelsiz synarjaq pikir aitu;
• Dindi qoghamdy artqa tartushy kýsh retinde sipattap, ghylym men bilimge qarsy qoi;
• Ózin ghana órkeniyetti qoghamnyng ókili sanap, әsire liyberalizmdi dәripteu.

Suret: Áleumettik jeli skriyni.

Jaqynda Facebook әleumettik jelicinde Darhan Ábdik aghamyzdyng Altyn Orda qoghamy, Shynghyshannyng tarihtaghy róli men baghasy, qazirgi qoghamdaghy ghylymnyng jay-kýy men ghalymdardyng ghylymgha adal bolmauy, býgingi qoghamdaghy azamattardyng is-әreketteri ruhaniyatqa sәikes bolmauy, dinnen ada zayyrly qogham, últsyzdandyrylghan tolerantty qogham, tehnologiya men bilim-ghylymdy damytu mәselerining basyn shalyp, jazghan syny jazbasy jariyalandy. Tym synarjaq, ghylymy negizi men obektivtiligi joq ýstirt payym.

Osy jazbadaghy Darhan Ábdik aghamyzdyng kelesidey oilaryna qarsy pikir keltire otyrsaq.

1. Darhan aghamyz – «Altyn Orda ayasyndaghy elderde azamattyq qogham damyghan joq» degen tezis keltiripti.

Olay bolsa sol dәuirdegi azamattyq qoghamy bar әri azamattyq qoghamy damyghan әlemning qanday elderin aghamyz salystyru ýshin keltire alady eken? Jalpy azamattyq qogham turaly týsinik ejelgi antikalyq dәuirde grek oishyldarynyng enbekterinde kezdesedi. Búl oilar keyin XVII-XVIII ghasyrlarda Europadaghy aghartu dәuirining oishyldarynda teoriyalyq túrghydan negizdelip, XVIII ghasyrdyng sony XIX ghasyrda tәjiriybede jýzege asyryla bastaydy. Al azamttyq qoghamnyng nyq qalyptasuy XX ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda jýzege asty. Sonda Darhan Ábdik aghamyz Altyn Orda dәuirinnen qanday azamattyq qoghamdy taba almay jýr?

2. «Shynghyshan úiymdastyrghan Monghol shapqynshylyghy Ortalyq Aziya men Týrkistan órkeniyetining tamyryna balta shapty. Ghylym men bilim óldi» - teziysi.

Shyndyghyn aitar bolsaq, Shynghys han Deshti Qypshaq, Týrikstan, Mәuerenahr ólkelerin baghyndyrghanda qarsylyq kórsetkenderdi ayamady, boyúsynghandardy qol astyna aldy. Al onyng negizgi maqsaty – órkeniyetti joiy, qatygez, qanisher degen pikir sovettik tarihnamadaghy qalyptasqan, iydealogiyagha negizdelgen taza sovettik narratiyv. Darhan Ábdik aghamyz әdil bolsa, nelikten Shynghys han jaugershilik joryqtarynan keyin qalyptasqan Altyn Orda memleketining órkeniyetin, Shaghatay úlysy aumaghyndaghy medeniyet, ghylym, bilim jetistikterine nazar audarmaydy? Europa men Aziyany baylanystyryp, sayasi-ekonomikalyq túraqtylyqty qalyptastyryp qana qoymay órkeniyettik túrghydan ghylym jәne bilim, mәdeny almasulardy qamtamasyz etken Altyn Ordanyng manyzyna nelikten toqtalmaydy? Býginde tarihshylar aityp jýrgen 150-ge juyq irili-úsaqty qalalar men shaharlardy nelikten qaperinen shygharady? Darhan Ábdik aghamyz sonda Altyn Orda dәuirining gýldengen әdebiyeti men әdeby shygharmalary, olardyng әlem әdebiyetindegi alatyn orny jәne de býgindegi týrik tildi halyqtardyng tilderining qalyptasuyndaghy manyzy turaly irgeli ghylymy enbekter jazghan - Nemat Kelimbetov, Áuelbek Qonyratbaev, Ábduәly Qaydar, Rәbigha Syzdyq syndy zertteushi-ghalymdarymyzdyng ghylymy enbekterin joqqa shygharady ma?

Darhan Ábdik aghamyzgha irgeli ghylymy enbekter bolmasada osy mәselege qatysy bar ghylymy maqalardy oqugha kenes berer edim. Mysaly, Jauynbay Jylqybayúlynyng e-history.kz portalynda jariyalanghan – «Altyn Orda әdebiyetining alyptary» maqalasy.

3. «Din – әrdayym ghylymgha salynghan auyzdyq. Alayaqtar eshteneden qorlanbaydy. Ýndemey óz esebimen kýneltuden de, ótirik maqtau-madaqtaudan da, jalghan esep beruden arlanbaydy» - teziysi.

Bir qaraghanda dúrys payym. Orta ghasyrlarda hristian dini Europa júrtyn qara týnekte ústap, ghylym men bilimdi damytpady. Islam órkeniyetinde ghylym men bilimdi, erkin oilaudy yghystyryp, diny normalar men dogma algha shyqanda gýldengen Islam órkeniyeti qúldyrady. Tipti býgingi kýnge deyin keybir elderden kórinis tabuda. Dese de, búl dindegi adam faktorynyng әseri. Darhan aghamyzdyng ózi aityp otyrghanday dinning atyn jamylghan alayaqtardyng eshteneden tartynbay, ar-úyat, imandy ayaqqa taptap, dindi qorlauy. Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúlynyng jyr joldarymen aitsaq:

«Búl kezdegi dinderding bәri – nashar,
Eshbiri týzu emes kónil ashar.
Ónkey aldau, jalghandy din dep aityp,
Talay jan haqiqattan qashyp sasar....

Saqal men shapan kiygenning bәri sopy emes,
Ishinde aram pighyly túrsa, ol tegis.
Din tazasyn izdeseng – imandy baq,
Aldaumen mal tapqandy sopy demes».

Sondyqtan da din barlyq progressivti bastamalardyng tejeushisi degen narrativ kóp aldynda onay úpay jinau amaly ghana bolyp tabylady.

Din men ghylymnyng tandemi negizinde adamzat balasynyng qol jetkizgen jetistikteri az emes. Islam órkeniyeti dese tóbe shashy tik túratyn Darhan aghamyzdyng jýikesine tiymey-aq, batys elderine bas úratyn aghamyzgha batys elderi mysalynda din men ghylymnyng tandeminen azdaghan mysaldar keltiretin bolsaq:

– Katolik shirkeuining IYezuitter ordeni matematika, fizika jәne astronomiya pәnderin óz mektepterinde mindetti týrde oqytty. Olar júldyzdardy baqylay otyryp, Qytay men Amerikagha deyingi geografiyalyq kartalardy týzep, zamanauy matematikalyq taldaudyng damuyna zor ýles qosty.

– Qazirgi genetika ghylymynyng negizin qalaushy – Avstriyalyq monah Gregor Mendeli. Ol Brno qalasyndaghy Avgustin monastyrynyng baghynda búrshaq ósimdikterin budandastyru arqyly túqym qualaushylyq zandylyqtaryn (Mendeli zandary) ashty. Onyng diny qyzmeti men ghylymy zertteui qatar jýrip, adamzatqa orasan zor ghylymy múra qaldyrdy.

– Alghashqy europalyq joghary oqu oryndary (Bolon, Oksford, Parij uniyversiytetteri) Katolik shirkeuining janyndaghy mektepterden bastau aldy. Shirkeu latyn tili arqyly bilimning birtútas kenistigin qalyptastyryp, ghylymnyng úrpaqtan-úrpaqqa jetuin qamtamasyz etti.

4. «Men etnikalyq últshyldyqty jek kóremin. Búl fashimning aldynghy satysy. Últ degenimiz etnos emes, búl qandayda bir tildin, mәdeniyettin, qoghamdyq qúndylyqtardyng negizinde qalyptasqan orta» - teziysi.

Negizinde Darhan aghamyz últqa qatysty payymyn dúrys kórsetken. Alayda myna bir mәseleni әdeyi nazardan tys qaldyryp otyr. Negizinde últ belgili bir etnikalyq aumaqta, kóptegen etnostardyng dominant etnostyng tónireginde, sol etnostyng tili, dili, mәdeniyeti, dýniyetanymy men qúndylyqtary negizinde qalyptasady. Yaghni, basym bir etnostyng bolu zandylyq.

«Últshyldyq – fashimning aldynghy satysy» degen payym da iydealogiyalandyrylghan eski sovettik narratiyv. Tarih keri mysaldardy kórsetedi: Napoleon jaugershilik joryqtary әserimen Europada últshyldyq iydeyasy negizinde Germaniya men Italiya memleketterining qúryluy, últ-azattyq soghystyng nәtiyjesinde Osman imperiyasynan bólinip shyqqan – Grekiya, Vena kongresinen keyingi últshyldyq qozghalystar men Resey-Týrik soghysynyng nәtiyjesinde óz aldyna últtyq memleket bolyp bólinip shyqqan - Serbiya, Rumyniya memleketteri, Kópúltty diny Osman imperiyasy qúlaghannan keyin, Mústafa Kemal Atatýrik týrik últshyldyghy iydeologiyasyna negizdelgen zamanaui, zayyrly Týrik Respublikasyn qúryluy.

Qazaq últshyldyghyn qúbyjyq qylyp kórsetu de «Alash» dep atalatyn qazaq memlekettigine qarsy jýrgizilgen eski sovettik iydealogiya. Múny kezinde júqalap bolsyn alashtyqtardyng songhy buyny bolyp sanalatyn Jýsipbek Aymauytov pen Múhtar Áuezov – «Enbekshi qazaq» (býgindegi «Egemen Qazaqstan») basylymynda 1926 jylghy 24 qarashada shyqqan nómirinde kórsetken bolatyn. «Qazaqsha-oryssha tilmash» turaly týsinis» maqalasynda Jýsipbek Aymauytov pen Múhtar Áuezov: «Qazaqtyng últshyldyghy – ýstemdikti, baghyndyrudy kóksegen, shegine jetken ozbyr últshyldyq emes, aldymen bas qorghaugha, jansaugha qylugha, jete alsa tendik alugha talpynghan tilenshi últshyldyq» - dep kórsetken bolatyn. Qazaq últshyldyghy sol uaqyttan beri ózgergen emes. Býgindegi birqansha qauym – «Naspat» dep múrynyng jýiire qaraytyn últshyldyq qúbylys – sol tendikke úmtylghan tilenshi últshyldyq.

Toqsan auyzdyng tobyqtay týiining aitar bolsaq, Darhan agha siz qansha jerden jerinsenizde Shynghys han qazaq tarihyna qatysy bar, qaghanattar dәuirinen keyingi Altyn Orda dep atalatyn qazaq memleketigining qalanuyna jol ashqan tarihy túlgha. Altyn Orda әlemdik órkeniyetke óz ýlesin qosqan imperiya.

Din qúbylysy ghylym men bilimning damuyn tejeushi kýsh emes jәne de ol joyylmaydy. Adamzat ruhaniyatymen qosa órilip ómir sýre beredi. Ári órkeniyettke jaghymdy impulis berushi negizgi kýsh. Qazaqstan siz oilaghanday diny qaranghylyqqa batqan el emes. Qazaqstan – demokartiyalyq, qúqyqtyq, zayyrly el. Adam qúqyghy, jeke adamnyng bostandyghy, sóz bostandyghy, zang aldyndaghy tendik, toleranttylyq, saylau jýiesi men mәdeniyeti tәrizdi liyberaldyq qúndylyqtardy ústanantyn, azamattyq qoghamy qalyptasu ýstindegi bolashaghy bar el. Qazaq etnostyq dengeyde qalghan halyq emes.

Qazaq etnosy - qazaq jerinde ómir sýrip jatqan kóptegen etnostardy shoghyrlandyru negizinde – Qazaq últyn qúrushy halyq. Qazaq últshyldyghy tabighy qúbylys jәne ol óktemdikke emes, bauyrmaldyqqa baghyttalghan. Qazaq últshyldyghy Qazaqstan aumaghyndaghy kóptegen etnostardy qazaq últyna biriguge úiystyrushy qúbylys.

Amankeldi Júmghaliyúly Saduaqasov 

Abai.kz