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Asylúya - Euraziyany biylegen dinastiya

Euraziyany biylegen Asylúya dinastiyasy

Ghún imperiyasyn biylegen taypa atauy – Asylúya

VII ghasyrda Asylúyalyq jujan syibóras (ol kezde shiybórash bolyp ózgergen) toby men Asylúyalyq Turky ashina toby arasyndaghy baqtalastyqtan Týrki qaghanaty ekige ydyrady. Onyng Shyghys Týrki Qaghanaty bóligindegi biylik Turky ashinalarda qaldy, al On Aq Týtin (Batys Týrki qaghanaty) bóligin shiybórash toby iyelendi. Biylikten airylghan Týrki ashina toby qazaq halqynyng ózderine baghynyshty bóligin ertip batysqa ketti. Olar baqtalas jaulary súrbóras tobyn «shiybórash» dep, ózderin «bórishi» dep atap ketkenin jogharyda aittyq. Sonymen Bórishi-ashina tobynyng 626 jyly Zakavkazeni jaulap alghandary onda Hazar qaghanatyn ornatsa, búlghar taypasy otyrghan batys dalagha barghandary 632 jyly Úly Búlghar memleketin ornatty. Jalpy, búlghar taypasy otyrghan aimaq Týrki qaghanaty qúramyna VI ghasyrda enip qoyghan bolatyn, al VII ghasyrda kelgen Qúbrat han bastaghan Bórishi-ashina toby sol búlghar dalasyndaghy dinastiyalyq biylikterin nyghaytyp, Vizantiya derekterinde Úly Búlghar dep jazylghan imperiyany ornatty. Olar baqtalastary Súrbóras (Saviyr) toby biyleytin Europadaghy alyp Avar qaghanatyn ydyratyp tyndy (Avar qaghanaty qazirgi Vengriya aimaghynda kishigirim knyazdik dengeyde IH ghasyrgha deyin saqtalghan). Gunn imperiyasy zamanynan batys dala men Kavkazdy biylep kelgen jujandyq Asylúya súrbóras toby osylaysha VI-VII ghasyrlar arasynda biylikten shettetildi, olardyng ornyn әuelgi odaqtastary әri keyingi baqtalastary Týrki Ashina toby basty. Yaghni, Asylúyalyq jujan súrbóras dinastiyasy ornyn taghy bir Asylúyalyq týrki ashina dinastiyasy basty.

Osylaysha Edil ózeninen bastap Vizantiya shekarasyna deyin sozylyp jatqan alyp aimaqta Týrki ashina dinastiyasy biyleytin Úly Búlghar imperiyasy payda boldy. Dәl osy kezde Kishi Kavkaz tauynyng Jurjan (Kaspiy) tenizine tireler túsynan bastap Azu (Azov) tenizine deyingi aimaqta Hazar qaghanaty payda boldy, ony da ornatqan – qazirgi Qazaqstannan barghan Bórishi-ashina toby. Osy Bórishi-ashinalargha erip barghan әsker qazaq halqy bolghanymen, eki memleket te sol aimaqtardyng negizgi halqy bolghan taypalar atauymen «Úly Búlghar» jәne «Hazar qaghanaty» bolyp tariyhqa endi. Sol sebepti ol memleketterdi ornatuda basty roli atqarghan qazaq atauy eleusiz qaldy. Degenmen, Úly Búlghar aimaghyna barghan qazaqtar H ghasyrdaghy arab ghalymy әl Masudy jazbasynda «ghazaq kóshpendiler» dep kórsetilse, HI-HII ghasyrlardaghy oqighalardy bayandaytyn kóne urus jazbalarynda «kóshpendi kasog halqy» degen ataumen kezdesedi. Tipti, Oljas Sýleymenov sol jazbalarda «gzah» atauy da saqtalghanyn aitqan bolatyn. Al HIII ghasyrda sol qazaqtardyng Qyrym aimaghynada ornyqqandary «Sugdeyskiy sinaksar», «Kodeks Kumanikus» jazbalarynda «kazak» dep jazylghan.

Hazar qaghanatyn ornatuda basty kýsh bolghan qazaqtar sol Zakavkazede ornyghyp qalghanyn onda saqtalghan qújattardaghy «Qazaq» pen «Kasah» ataulary rastaydy. Vizantiyanyng IH ghasyrdaghy imperatory Konstantin Bagryanorodnyy jazbasy Kolhida jazyghyndaghy Qazaq elin «strana Kasahiya» dep aiqyndasa, әl Masudy jazbasynan Zakavkazedegi qazaq halqy H ghasyrda músylman jәne músylman emes bolyp ekige bólingenin, ekeuining ortasyn Kavkaz jotasynda otyrghan qarapapah, alan elderi bólip jatqanyn angharamyz. Osy derekterge sensek, qazirgi Azarbayjandaghy Kura-Araks dalasynda músylman knyazdigi (ortalyghy Qazaq qalasy) bolghan. Sol qazaqtardyng shyghysynda Jidan patshanyng eli (evrey patsha eli), ontýstigindegi tauda armiyandar, soltýstiginde hristian dindi qúmyqtar, batysyndaghy tau jotasynda músylman qarapapah eli (ortalyghy Tbilisiy), soltýstik batysynda eski senimdegi alandar, al ontýstik batysyndaghy tauda abhaz jәne jurzan (gruziyn) elderi bary bayandalady. Qazirgi Gruziyadaghy Kolhida jazyghyn mekendegen qazaqtar eski senimin ústanatynyn, ortasynan han saylap, baghynudy bilmegendikten, kórshileri tarapynan údayy qysymgha úshyrap otyrghany da jazylghan. Sonymen qatar ol qazaqtardyng jeri Qara teniz jaghasyna deyin sozylyp jatqan, olar «shәli» dep atalatyn óte qymbat mata óndirgen jәne teniz arqyly kemelermen sauda jasaudy da mengergen. Ál Masudy qazaqtar men balyqqa tabynatyn ir halqyn Iron ózeni bólip túrghanyn da kórsetedi (Iron – qazirgi Rion ózeni, ir halqy – qazirgi ózin Iron dep tanityn osetinder). Sol qazaqtardyng soltýstigindegi kórshisi Shemar (sheshen men ingushterding ata-babalary) eli eken. Shemar halqynyng sózge sheshen bóligine «sheshen» atauyn, taudy ýngip ýy salyp túrghan tobyna «ýngish» atauyn, asa qu, ailaker tobyna «әkki» atauyn bergen sol qazaqtar degen oryndy. Yaghny qazirgi sheshen, ingush jәne akkinsy degen ózara tuys ýsh últqa atau bergen zakavkazelik qazaqtar. Kәzirgi Sheshenstan, Soltýstik Osetiya, Ingushetiya aimaghyndaghy dalaly jerlerde de ol kezde qazaqtar mekendegen dep bilemiz. Olar Kolhida dalasyndaghy qazaqtardyng soltýstigindegi taudyng arghy jaghynda otyrghandyqtan «teriskey qazaqtary» dep atalghan (Kolhidadaghy qazaqtar bergen atau). Keyin «teriskey qazaqtary» Resey yqpalymen shohynyp slavyantildi bolghanda «Terskie Kazaki» dep atalyp ketti (Lev Tolstoy «ózara tatarsha sóilesedi» dep kórsetetin kazaktar sol «terskie kazakiy-teriskey qazaqtary»).

Reseydi biylep-tóstegen iyezuidter (olardyng júmysshy kýshi – «Russkoe geograficheskoe obshestva» qoghamy) búrmalap dayyndaghan tarihta: «Hazar qaghanaty aimaghyna qazirgi Daghystan men Batys Qazaqstan aimaqtary kirgen» degen joldar bar. Al Úly Búlghariya jayynda: «Úly Búlghariya kóp úzamay sol VII ghasyrda ydyrap ketken, búlgharlardyng qazirgi Bolgariyagha barghany ondaghy slavyandarmen aralasyp bolgar últyn qalyptastyrdy. Qyrym aimaghynda qalghandary da bar jәne Edil ózeni boyynda qonystanghandary Edil Búlghariyasy memleketin ornatqan» dep jazghan. Shynshyldyghymen «Tarihshylardyng imamy» atanghan arab zertteushisi әri geografy әl Masudiyding «Shirvan men Ál Bab tarihy» atty enbegi orys tarihshylarynyng osy tújyrymdaryn tolyq jalghan ekenin dәleldeydi.. Al «Shirvan men Ál Bab tarihyn» әlem ghalymdary әldeqashan moyyndaghan.

Ál Masudy Hazar qaghanatynyng әuelgi astanasy Samandar qazirgi Azarbayjanda bolghanyn (Gyandj qalasy tәrizdi), ol jerdi Músylman halifaty basyp alghan song Hazar astanasy qazirgi Azov tenizine jaqyn ózen boyyna kóshirilgenin jazady (Amal qalasy) jәne H ghasyrda Músylman halifaty men Hazar qaghanaty shekarasyn Kavkaz jotasy bólip jatqanyn bayqatady. Sonymen qatar Kabh (Kavkaz) tauynyng Ál Bab qalasy ornalasqan bir silemi Hazar (Kaspiy) tenizine, ekinshi silemi Trabzund (Trapezond) qalasy ornalasqan Maytas (Qara) tenizine jaqyn ekenin kórsetedi. Qazirgi Trapezond qalasy ornalasqan jer әl Masudy aityp otyrghan tau kishi Kavkaz ekenin anyq dәleldeydi. Demek, Ál Bab qalasy dep býgingi Derbent qalasyn núsqaghan Resey tújyrymy qisynsyz, Hazar qaghanaty eshqashan Daghystanda bolmaghan. Ál Bab qalasy HI ghasyrda bolghan 11 baldyq joyqyn zilzaladan qirap qalghan deu oryndy, sol tosyn oqighadan shamamen 250 myng adam qaza bolghany jәne Kyapaz tauy da sol tústa joyylghany jayynda naqty jazbalar bar (Ibn әl Asir jazbasy).

Arab ghalymy әl Masudiyding derekterinde Hazar qaghanaty men Úly Búlghar imperiyasy arasyn Hazar ózeni bólip túrghany, eki memleket beybit ómir sýrgeni kórsetilgen. Hazar ózeni Qara teniz ben Kaspiy tenizin qosyp jatqan. Ol ózenning orny jaqynda Preziydent Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng Qara tenizdi Kaspiy tenizine qosatyn kanal salu jobasynda aitylghan Kuma-Manych oipaty ekenin mamandar moyyndaydy. Qyrymda otyryp, kemelerimen kóptegen eldermen sauda-sattyq jasaghan sakalba men urus eli kóptegen rulardan qúralatyny jәne olar ólgende deneleri órteletini, әielderi de qosyla órteletini jayynda әl Masudy naqty aityp ótedi. Múndaghy sakalba – sakalban, yaghny saq halqynyng alban taypasy. Al urus – V ghasyrgha deyin rim derekterinde «aors» dep kezdesetin saq-skiftik arys taypasy. Olardyng negizgi toby Úly Búlghar hanyna da, Hazar qaghantyna da baghynbaytynyn, alayda ekinshi az toby Hazar qaghanatyna baghynyshty bolghanyn әl Masudy bayandaydy.

Úly Búlghar hanzadalary «hanasuvegiy» dep atalghany Bolgariya tarihynda saqtalghan. Onyng «han asýy begi» ekenin jogharyda aittyq. Hazar qaghanatyn biylegen Turky Ashina dinastiyasy ekeni ghalymdar tarapynan rastalghan, al «han asýy begi» atauy Úly Búlghariyany da biylegen Asylúya toby ekenin dәleldeydi, naqtyraq aitsaq Turky Ashina tobynyng ókilderi. Qyrymdaghy urus-sakalban elining olargha baghynbaytyn ýlken toby Asylúyanyng jujan súrbóras toby biyliginde bolghan (alghashynda Bóri dep, keyin Bórik dep atalghan, sodan song Resey sayasatynyng saldarynan Rurik bolyp qalyptasty). Urus-sakalban elining Hazar qaghanatyna baghynatyn tobyn Turky ashinalardyng  Bórishi ruy biylegen, ataqty Beybarys súltan sol Bórishi ruynyng úrpaghy (olardyng az bóligi keyin Berish dep atalyp qazaq halqy qúramyna kirigip ketti). Albaniya memleketining halqy albandar sol Qyrymnan auyp barghan sakalban-urustardan qalyptasqan, múny alban halqy qúramyndaghy Arberesh tobynan angharugha bolady (urus eli atauy dúrysynda – arys (aors), Arberesh atauy әuelde «arys beresh» bolghan).

Albaniya men Reseyding eltanbalary birdey – eki basty tazqara qúsy (keyin «dvuhglavyy orel» dep búrmalaghan). Búl eki memleketti de Asylúyalyq jujan súrbóras dinastiyasy ornatqan dәleldeydi (Bórik-Rurik toby). Sol jujan súrbóras (shiybórash) dinastiyasynyng úrpaghy Shynghyshannyng tuynda da tazqara qúsy beynelengeni mәlim, ony orys oqymystylary «qargha» dep búrmalaydy. Shynghyshan ruynyng Bórijiging (Bóri ruyn) atauy da arghy tegi Jujan qaghanatyn biylegen súrbóras tobynan ekenin bayqatady. Shynghyshan әuletin ejelgi shiyvey tobynan dep tanu onyng әuleti shiybórash dinastiyasyna jatatynyn kórsetedi. HI ghasyrda Qyrymnan kelip Avar nusalidigin ornatqan Urus toby men Shynghyshan әuletining odaqtastyghy da kóp derekting betin ashady. Bórik-Rurik toby biylegen Búlghar eli (Resey ghalymdary «Mәskeu knyazdigi» dep búrmalaghan) shyn mәninde Shynghyshan dinastiyasynyng qamqorlyghynda bolghanyn Resey tarihshylary moyynday bastady (eshqanday Kulikova shayqasy bolmaghanyn da moyyndaugha mәjbýr). Osy derekter Asylúyalyq súrbóras-shiybóras dinastiyasy óz tuystary qay elde biylikte otyrghanynan jaqsy habardar bolghanyn jәne olardy Shynghyshan tarapy tolyq qoldaghanyn aighaqtaydy.

Ál Masudy Hazar qaghanatyn biylep otyrghandar evreyler ekenin, olardyng biylikke Hazar biyleushilerine qyzdaryn úzatu arqyly kelgenin, yaghny sol qyzdan tughan jiyenderining arqasynda Hazar qaghanaty biyligin iyelengenin bayandaydy. Sonymen qatar Hazar qaghany «quyrshaq biyleushi» ekenin, ony tek mereke kezinde el aldyna shygharyp, qalghan uaqytta «ýy qamaqta» ústaytynyn, biylik negizi evrey patshanyng qolynda ekenin jәne ol qalasa qaghandy óltire alatynynda jazady. Kәzir әlemdik biylikti iyelenetin evreylik toptar bóten eldi biyleu tәjirbiyesin eng alghash ret sol Hazar qaghanatynda jýzege asyrghan (olar Asylúya dinastiyasynyng biylik tәsilinen sabaq alyp jetilgen). Arab ghalymynyng dereginshe, sol H ghasyrda urus-sakalba eli Hazar patshasyna syi-siyapat jasap, Hazar ózeni arqyly Jurjan (Kaspiy) tenizine kemelerimen barugha rúqsat alyp, 500 kememen Hazar ózenimen Kaspiy tenizi jaghalauyna ótip, músylmandardyng qalalaryn tonaghan. Olardyng músylmandardy tonaghanyn estigen Hazar qaghanatynyng jaldamaly әskeri – músylman Arysy taypasy qaytyp kele jatqan urus-sakalban kemelerin tonap, qyryp, músylmandar ýshin kek alghan, al Hazar qaghanatyn biylegen evrey patsha músylman Arysylardy toqtatugha qoryqqan, tek urus-sakalbandargha shabuyl bolatynyn eskertip habarshy jibergen. Osy qújattar Reseydin: «Rusi adamdary ishki Reseyden Volga ózeni arqyly kemelerimen baryp, Kaspiy jaghalauyn tonaghan» degen tújyrymyn tolyq joqqa shygharady. Ál Masudy jazbasy Resey ghalymdarynyng «rusi» pen «slavyan» dep ataytyndary urus pen sakalban ekenin, olardyng Reseyde emes Qyrymda mekendegenin anyq dәleldeydi. Olardyng kóp rulardan qúralatynyn jәne bir bóligining Hazar qaghanaty әskeri ekenin kórsetip, olardyng týrkitildes ekenin bayqatady (orys halqy rulardan qúralmaghan delinedi, olar otyrghan mekenderine baylanysty «novgorodsy, suzdalisy, chernigovsy...» dep bólingen dep tanylady).

Ál Masudy urus elining ýlken bóligi – әl-uzdgan taypasy ekenin aitady, ony «uzdan» degenimiz jón. Yaghni, «ýz taypasynan» degen maghynada jәne ondaghy «dan» jalghauy ataudyng taza týrkilik ekenin anghartady (qazirgi týrkitildi әri hristiyan dindi gagauz últy sol taypadan qalyptasuy mýmkin, «kaka uz» – «jaman ýz»). Ál Masudy jazbasyn audarghan reseylik osy «әl-uzdgan» atauyn «әl-urman» dep týsindiredi, osylaysha «urus eli Qyrymgha ertede soltýstikten kelip ornyqqan normandar» degen jalghan tújyrymdy ornyqtyrugha tyrysyp baghady. Urus elining jerleu ghúryptarynan olardyng H ghasyrda eski senimdi ústanghanyn bayqaymyz, yaghny olar orys zertteushileri aitqanday, pravoslavtyq hristiandar emes. Jalpy qyrymdyq urus-sakalban eli HI ghasyrda katoliktik hristiandar ekeni әldeqashan moyyndalghan, ony Múrat Adjy naqty dәleldermen kórsetken. Katoliktik diny kitaptardyng latyn әrpimen týrki tilinde jazylghan jiyntyghy – «Kodeks Kumanikus» HIII ghasyrda Qyrymda basylghan, onyng tili Qyrymlar (Qyrym tatarlary) tiline óte jaqyn ekeni ghalymdar tarapynan rastalghan. Demek atalghan jazbanyng qypshaqtar men qazaqtargha esh qatysy joq, ol – týrkitildi әri katolik dindi urus-sakalba elining diny kitaby. Olar Beybarys súltan zamanynda – HV ghasyrda músylmandyqqa kóship, otyrghan ornyna baylanysty Qyrymlar dep atalghan týrkitildi músylman últ bolyp qalyptasqan. Resey «Indiyagha kememen barghan tverlik orys saudageri» deytin Nikita Afanasiy, shynynda Qyrymdyq týrkitildi urus elining músylman dindi adamy. Solay ekenin onyng jazbasynda saqtalghan «A rusi eri tangryd saklasyn, ollo sakla, hudo sakla. Urusi eri abodani bolsyni» degen týrkilik sózderi men arapsha dúghalary dәleldeydi (jazbany slavyantildi etip ózgertken reseylik key sózderding maghynasyn týsinbegendikten oryssha balamasyn taba almaghan, sol sebepten onday sózderdi qaldyrugha mәjbýr bolghan). Osy derekter men dәiekterge sýienip, urus-sakalban elining orys halqyna esh tuystyghy joq, orys halqy keyin hristiandyqqa ótken búlgharlardan taraghan dep tújyrym jasaugha әbden negiz bar.  

Ál Masudiyding jazuynsha, Úly Búlghar alyp imperiya bolghan, onyng bir sheti Vizantiya shekarasyna baryp tirelgen jәne Búlghar hany Europalyq elderge jii әskery joryqtar jasap kelgen. Imperiyanyng key aimaghynda jyldyng key mezgilinde týn óte qysqa ekenin de bayandaghan sol arab ghalymy. Ol jer qazirgi Mәskeu aimaghy ekenin HIV ghasyrda Búlghar qalasynda (qazirgi Mәskeu) bolghan arab sayahatshysy Ibn Batuta jazady. Solay ekenin Mәskeu klimaty jayyndaghy naqty faktiler de dәleldeydi, yaghny Úly Búlghar imperiyasy qúramyna qazirgi Mәskeu aimaghy kirgen. Ál Masudy derekterinde H ghasyrda Úly Búlghar hany Islam dinin qabyldaghany, onyng balasy odan búryn músylman bolyp qajylyqqa baryp kelgeni jәne Baghdatta otyrghan Halif onyng әkesine (Úly Búlghar hanyna) syy retinde Qaghba jamylghysynan jyrtys berip jibergeni turaly joldar bar. Úly Búlghar hany Orta Aziyamen keruen saudasy arqyly baylanysqan, ol jolda keruen qauipsiz bolghan. Osy naqty derekter Úly Búlghar imperiyasy VII ghasyrda ydyrap ketpegenin, kerisinshe HI ghasyrgha deyin ómir sýrgen alyp imperiya bolghanyn kórsetedi.

Úly Búlghariyanyng músylman dindi hanynyng Orta Aziyamen sauda jasaytyn keruenderi qazirgi Qazaqstan arqyly ótken jәne qauipsiz bolghan. Búl bizding jerimizdegi Qimaq pen Qarahanid dep eki bólek kórsetiletin memleketterding shynynda músylman dindi birtútas Qazaq handyghy ekenin jәne kórshiles músylman memleketteri arasynda sauda keruenderi qauipsiz jýrgenin bayqatady (әripterining key jeri óshken kóne arabsha qoljazbalardaghy «qazaq» atauyn «qimaq» nemese «qaraq» dep shatasu әbden mýmkin, Resey bizdi qúlsha biylegen imperiya bolghanyn eskersek, әdeyi solay búrmalanghan desek te, qatelese qoymaymyz). Úly Búlghar imperiyasynyng aimaghy men búlghar hany balasynyng qajylyghy jayly derekter «Ibn Fadlannyng Edil búlgharlaryna sayahaty» degen jazbanyng jalghan ekenin dәleldeydi (ol enbekting jalghan ekenin islam dininen jetkilikti habary bar kez kelgen adam oqysa da týsine alady). Resey ghalymdary osy jalghan jariyalanym arqyly qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynda qazaq degen últ bolmaghanday, onda tek oghyzdar men bashqyrlar mekendegendey, músylman dindi búlghar hany alyp imperiyany emes, shaghyn ghana Edil búlgharlaryn biylegendey etip kórsetudi, al urus pen sakalban elin Qyrymda ghana emes, Oral tauy aimaghynda, yaghni, ishki Reseyde ómir sýrgen rusi-slavyan eli etip tanytudy maqsat etti. Sondyqtan «Hazar qaghanaty – Zakavkazeden bastap, Qara tenizge deyin sozylyp jatqan memleket emes, Daghystannan bastap, qazirgi Qazaqstannyng batysyn ghana alyp jatqan memleket» degen qisynsyz tújyrym jasady.

Hazar qaghanaty turaly derekter jinaghan Lev Gumiylevting ózi Hazarlar boldy degen aimaqtan hazar-evrey biyleushilerine tiyesili esh jәdiger taba almaghanyn ókinishpen jazghany belgili (qaydan tapsyn, mýlde basqa jaqtan izdese). Kenes odaghy kezindegi sayasat Ál Masudy men Ibn Batuta enbekterin qasaqana eleusiz qaldyrdy, búl kezdeysoqtyq emes. Óitkeni, atalghan ghalymdardyng zertteulerining shynayylyghyn әlem oqymystylary moyyndasa da, ondaghy naqty derekter Resey tarihynyng mýldem ózgeshe ekenin kórsetedi. Esesine, orys biyligi arnayy dayyndatqan Ibn Fadlan, Rashid ad-diyn, Mahmud Qashqari, Jalayyri, «Igor polki turaly dastan», Dulaty jazbalary barynsha oqytyldy, jarnamalandy. Eng ókinishtisi, sol jalghan jazbalar arqyly orystyng ghana emes, qazaq, ózbek, qyrghyz, úighyr, tatar, týrkimen, azarbayjan, qúmyq, bashqyr, noghay últtarynyng da tarihy týgel  búrmalandy. Onda týrkitildi halyqtar «keshe ghana payda bolghan, búryn memlekettilik degendi bilmegen jabayylar» keypinde bayandaldy. Al hristian dindi orys, gruzin jәne armiyan tarihtary kóneden bar halyqtar retinde jasaqtaldy.

Úly Búlghariyany biyleushi әuletting Islam dini ornyghuyna narazy toby, yaghny «han asýy bekterinin» bir toby Kavkaz tauyna ketken. Olar IX ghasyrda Alan eli biyligin qoldaryna aldy. VII ghasyrda Alan eparhiyasyn qúryp hristiandyq qabyldaghan Alan elining IX ghasyrda hristian dininen bas tartuy osynday sebepten dep bilemiz (búl oqigha Masudy jazbasynda aitylady). Alandardy biylep kelgen Asylúyalyq ash-digor toby biylikten airyldy, osylaysha olar óz halqynan bólektenip, keyingi zamandarda ózderi biylegen Iron halqymen birigip osetin halqyn qalyptastyrghan. Úly Búlghariyadan kelip Alandar biyligin qolyna alghan búlgharlyq Asylúya tobynan balqar últy irge qalady. Al qarasha halyqtan, yaghny qarapayym alandardan qarashay últy tarady. Balqarlardy XVIII ghasyrgha deyin gruzinder Basiany, al osetinder As dep ataghan eken. Sonday-aq balqar halqynyng biylik jýiesi men Qúng imperiyasynyng biylik jýiesi jaqyn ekeni kórinip túr jәne onday jýie basqa kórshi halyqtarda joq (tek osetinder qúramyndaghy Digor tobynda úqsas jýie bar, ol digorlardyng Asylúyalyq as-túghyr ruy ekenin anghartady). Balqarlardyng biyleushi әuleti «Oli» (Úlyýi) dep atalady, olardyng tóreligine qarashaylar men digorlar da (osetinder qúramyndaghy) jýgingen. Osy derekterden balqar halqyn biylegen Asylúya toby men Úly Búlghariyany biylegen Asylúya әuleti tuys ekenin kóremiz. Digorlar qúramynda qúl sanatynda bolghan «kasogta» toby men balqarlar qúramynda qúl sanatynda bolghan «kazak» toby HI ghasyrda alandargha qúldyqqa týsken zakavkazelik qazaqtar ekeni týsinikti.

Hazar qaghanaty әuelde Zakavkazede ornaghan. Azarbayjandardy qúmyq jәne vaynah halyqtary osy kezge deyin «hajari» dep atap keldi. Demek, ózin «әzerbayjan» emes, «azarbayjan» dep ataytyn halyq Hazar qaghanaty zamanynda qalyptasa bastaghan. Hazar taypasy Kavkazgha Orta Aziyadan VI  ghasyrda kelgen jәne Oghyzdyq taypa bolyp tabylady. Qazirgi týrkimen halqy qúramynda Hasar taypasy bar. Týrki qaghanaty yghystyrghan Hazar taypalary VI ghasyrda Zakavkaziege aughan, onda olar Iranmen odaqtas retinde Savir imperiyasyn joigha atsalysty. Keyin olar VII ghasyrda kelgen Turky ashinalargha baghyndy, ol aimaqta hazarlar basym bolghandyqtan memleket Hazar qaghanaty dep ataldy. Ál Masudy armiyandardyng eng jauynger toby siavurda taypasy ekenin jazady, osy derek Savir imperiyasyn biylegen súrbóri tobynyng Kishi Kavkaz tauyndaghy armiyandardy biylep qalghanyn bayqatady (olar Jurzan (gruziyn) eli men Qyrymdaghy urus-sakalban eli biyliginde óz qoldarynda ústap qalghan).

Ál Masudy X ghasyrda gruzin (jurzan delingen) men abhaz knyazdikteri Tbilisy aimaghyndaghy Iskah b. Ismail degen biyleushi basqarghan músylman memleketine salyq tólep túrghanyn jazady. IX ghasyrda Vizantiya imperatory osy eldi Papagiya dep kórsetken. Búl – "týrkimen bórkin" mysqyldaghan atau. Bas kiyimderining týsine qarap kórshileri «qara papahtar» dep ataghan. Qazirgi qara papah toby azarbayjan últynyng qúramynda jәne birazy Gruziya aimaghynda ómir sýrip jatyr. Qara papahtar qúramyndaghy "han taypasy" dep atalatyn Borchalo tobynyng dúrys atauy Bórshiler ekenin angharu qiyn emes. Onyng Terkavun degen ekinshi atauyn Tórki men Kópýi dep bólip qarau kerek. Óitkeni, XI ghasyrdaghy Kiyev knyazdigindegi chernoklobuk halqy qúramynda torkiy men kopuy toptary bolghan. Osy derekter Kiyev knyazdigin biylegen chernoklobuk halqy Zakavkazieden barghan qara papahtar ekenin dәleldeydi, yaghny Kuәb (Kiyev) knyazdiginde biylegen Asylúya toby. Demek, olardy biylegen Bórishi (qazirgi Berish ruy) taypasy Tórgi asúya (Turky ashina) tobynan.

Qarapapah halqy Tbilisy aumaghynda qalyptasty. Savir imperiyasy joyylghan song Tbilisy VI ghasyrda Iran biyliginde boldy, Iran әskeri hazar taypasynan qúraldy. Demek VI ghasyrda Tbilisy aimaghyn hazarlar mekendedi, al VII ghasyrda ol jerdi Turky ashina әskeri bolyp kelgen qazaqtar basyp aldy. Sol qazaqtar qysymynan kishi Kavkaz tauyna ketken hazarlar H ghasyrda adjar últy bolyp qalyptasa bastaghanyn әl Masudy jazbasynan angharamyz. Al ornynda qalyp qoyghan hazarlar men jana kelgen qazaqtardyng birigip aralasuymen qarapapaq halqy payda bolghan. Ol qazaqtar hazarlarsha týrkimen bórkin kiidi әdetke ainaldyrdy. Olar ghana emes, sol mandaghy barsha halyqtar sol bas kiyimdi kiidi dәstýr ete bastady jәne ol bas kiyim «papah» degen ortaq ataugha ie boldy. Osylaysha Tbilisy aimaghyndaghy hazarlar men qazaqtardan bir halyq qúraldy. Olar ózderine baghynyshty ainaladaghy ózge halyqtardan erekshelenu ýshin tek qara týsti papah kiydi. Osy sebepten olardyng halyqtyq atauy qarapapah bolyp qalyptasty. Qarapapahty biylegen – Asylúya dinastiyasy, olardyng Bórishi degen Turky ashinalyq top ekenin azarbayjan qarapapahtary qúramyndaghy «han taypasy borchala» tobynyng atauy dәleldeydi. Qaraqalpaq últy sol Zakavkazeden kelgen qarapapahtardan qalyptasqanyn keyingi jazbalarymyzda aitatyn bolamyz. Qarapapah halqy tәrizdi qaraqalpaq últy da tek qara týsti týrkimen baskiyimin kiyetini anyq fakt.

Azarbayjan jerinde «qara bórik» degender de bolghan, alayda olar qara papah tobynan emes. Olar – HIII ghasyrda Orta Aziyadan Zakavkaziege kelgen qypshaq әskeri qúramyndaghy qara bórikter. Qypshaq taypasy – Horezmshah Djalelidinning әskeri bolatyn, olardy ókshelegen Shynghyshan әskeri ekeni belgili. Yaghni, Qara papah toby Zakavkaziege ondaghy qara bórikterden birneshe ghasyr búryn kelgen.

Sonymen H ghasyrda Hazar qaghanatyn, Úly Búlghar imperiyasyn, Tbilisy aumaghyndaghy  Qarapapah memleketin, jartylay taulyq Alan elin jәne ýlken Kavkaz tauyndaghy Sarir memleketin biylegender Asylúyanyng Turky ashina dinastiyasy bolyp tabylady. Al jurzan (gruziyn) knyazdigi men armiyan elin jәne Qyrymda derbes otyrghan sakalban-urustardy Asylúyanyng jujan súrbóras toby biylegen. Songhylary ynghayly sәtte baqtalas jaulary – Turky ashinalar biylegen memleketterdi joyyp jiberedi. Ol jayynda kezekti maqalamyzda jazamyz.  

Bekjan Ádenúly

(Jalghasy bar)

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