Tarihta kóptegen imperiyalar syrtqy jaudan emes, ózgergen zaman talabyn moyyndaghysy kelmegendikten qúlady.

Baghynyshty halyqtardyng derbestikke úmtylysyn kýshpen toqtatu, ortalyqtandyrudy kýsheytu jәne búrynghy úlylyq turaly mifke sýienu kóbine memleketti saqtap qalmay, onyng ydyrauyn jedeldetti.

Resey imperiyasy (1917)

XIX ghasyrdyng sony men XX ghasyrdyng basynda Resey imperiyasy «birtútas jәne bólinbes Resey» qaghidasynan bas tartpady. Polyak, fiyn, ukraiyn, kavkaz jәne Týrkistan halyqtarynyng últtyq qozghalystary imperiya ýshin qauip retinde qabyldandy.

Ortalyq biylik avtonomiyany keneytuding ornyna orystandyru men әkimshilik qysymdy kýsheytti. Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys jaghdayynda әleumettik, ekonomikalyq jәne últtyq qayshylyqtar shegine jetip, 1917 jyly imperiya kýiredi.

Avstriya-Vengriya imperiyasy (1918)

Europadaghy eng iri kópúltty memleketterding biri bolghan Avstriya-Vengriya qúramynda nemister, vengrler, chehtar, slovaktar, horvattar, serbter, polyaktar, ukraindar jәne rumyndar ómir sýrdi.

Imperiya vengrlermen sayasy ymyragha kelgenimen, basqa halyqtardyng avtonomiya turaly talaptaryn tolyq qanaghattandyrmady. Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghys bastalghanda ishki qayshylyqtar kýsheyip, alghashqy iri әskery sәtsizdikterden keyin memleket birneshe últtyq memleketke bólinip ketti.

Osman imperiyasy (1922)

Ghasyrlar boyy ýsh qúrlyqqa ýstemdik etken Osman memleketi XIX ghasyrda tereng daghdarysqa úshyrady. Balqan halyqtarynyng últtyq qozghalystary kýsheygen kezde Stambul olardy kýshpen ústap qalugha tyrysty.

Keyingi kezende týriktendiru sayasatynyng kýshengi tek Balqanda ghana emes, arab ólkelerinde de narazylyq tughyzdy. Birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghysqa aralasu imperiyanyng songhy kýireuin tezdetip, onyng ornynda Týrkiya Respublikasy ghana qaldy.

Kenes Odaghy (1991)

Kenes Odaghy resmy týrde teng qúqyqty respublikalardyng federasiyasy bolghanymen, is jýzinde Mәskeu basqaratyn ortalyqtandyrylghan qúrylym edi.

1980-jyldardyng sonynda Baltyq elderi, Kavkaz respublikalary, Ukraina jәne basqa odaqtas respublikalar egemendik talap ete bastady. Biraq ortalyq biylik odaqty búrynghy qalpynda saqtap qalugha tyrysty. Tamyz býligi osy úmtylystyng songhy kórinisterining biri boldy.

Nәtiyjesinde 1991 jyly Kenes Odaghy tolyq ydyrap, onyng ornynda tәuelsiz memleketter payda boldy.

Portugaliya imperiyasy (1974–1975)

Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin kóptegen europalyq memleketter otarlaryna tәuelsizdik bere bastaghan kezde Portugaliya Afrikadaghy iyelikterin saqtap qalugha kýsh saldy.

Angola, Mozambik jәne Gviyneya-Bisaudaghy úzaqqa sozylghan otarlyq soghystar ekonomikany әlsiretip, qoghamdy sharshatty. Aqyrynda 1974 jylghy Qalampyr tónkerisi imperiyalyq sayasattyng kýireuine jәne otarlardyng tәuelsizdik aluyna alyp keldi.

Fransuz otarlyq imperiyasy

Fransiya Ýndiqytay men Aljirdi saqtap qalugha tyrysty. Ásirese Aljir soghysy fransuz qoghamyn tereng daghdarysqa úshyratyp, Tórtinshi respublikanyng qúlauyna sebep boldy.

Aqyrynda Parij imperiyany saqtap qalu mýmkin emes ekenin moyyndap, dekolonizasiya jolyna týsti. Fransiya memlekettiligin saqtap qaldy, biraq imperiyalyq jobadan bas tartugha mәjbýr boldy.

igoslaviya

igoslaviya klassikalyq otarlyq imperiya bolmasa da, federasiyany ortalyqtandyrugha jәne serb ýstemdigin saqtaugha úmtylu ishki qayshylyqtardy kýsheytti.

1990-jyldary federasiyany reformalau ornyna kýsh qoldanu joly tandaldy. Sonyng saldarynan memleket birneshe soghystan keyin ydyrap ketti.

Tarihtyng sabaghy

Búl mysaldardyng barlyghynda ortaq zandylyq bayqalady. Aldymen búrynghy úlylyq turaly mif kýsheyedi. Keyin shet aimaqtardy ústap túrudyng ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy shyghyny artady. Sonynda reforma jasau mýmkindigi joghalyp, ortalyq biylik kýshke sýiene bastaydy. Dәl osy kezende ydyrau ýderisi qaytymsyz sipat alady.

Tarih kórsetkendey, imperiyalardyng kópshiligi әlsiz bolghandyqtan emes, ózgergen shyndyqqa beyimdele almaghandyqtan qúlady.

Imperiyalyq mәrtebege tym úzaq jabysyp qalu kóbine memleketti saqtap qalmay, onyng kýireuin jyldamdatty.

Ómir Shynybekúly

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